Guide rna that targets a mutant human inosine monophosphate deydrogenase i allele

ABSTRACT

RNA molecules comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and compositions, methods, and uses thereof.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/680,481, filed Jun. 4, 2018 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/591,344, filed Nov. 28, 2017, the contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

Throughout this application, various publications are referenced, including referenced in parenthesis. The disclosures of all publications mentioned in this application in their entireties are hereby incorporated by reference into this application in order to provide additional description of the art to which this invention pertains and of the features in the art which can be employed with this invention.

REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING

This application incorporates-by-reference nucleotide sequences which are present in the filed named “181128_90238-A_Sequence_Listing_ADR.txt”, which is 551 kilobytes in size, and which was created on Nov. 27, 2018 in the IBM-PC machine format, having an operating system compatibility with MS-Windows, which is contained in the text file filed Nov. 28, 2018 as part of this application.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

There are several classes of DNA variation in the human genome, including insertions and deletions, differences in the copy number of repeated sequences, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A SNP is a DNA sequence variation occurring when a single nucleotide (adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G)) in the genome differs between human subjects or paired chromosomes in an individual. Over the years, the different types of DNA variations have been the focus of the research community either as markers in studies to pinpoint traits or disease causation or as potential causes of genetic disorders.

A genetic disorder is caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome. Genetic disorders may be regarded as either “dominant” or “recessive.” Recessive genetic disorders are those which require two copies (i.e., two alleles) of the abnormal/defective gene to be present. In contrast, a dominant genetic disorder involves a gene or genes which exhibit(s) dominance over a normal (functional/healthy) gene or genes. As such, in dominant genetic disorders only a single copy (i.e., allele) of an abnormal gene is required to cause or contribute to the symptoms of a particular genetic disorder. Such mutations include, for example, gain-of-function mutations in which the altered gene product possesses a new molecular function or a new pattern of gene expression. Other examples include dominant negative mutations, which have a gene product that acts antagonistically to the wild-type allele.

Retinitis Pigmentosa

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of inherited degenerative retinal disorders. RP may be inherited in an autosomal dominant, recessive, or x-linked manner and there are multiple genes that, when mutated, may cause the retinitis pigmentosa phenotype. Mutations in the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 gene (IMPDH1) have been associated with a type 10 form of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP10).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Disclosed is an approach for knocking out the expression of a dominant-mutated allele by disrupting the dominant-mutated allele or degrading the resulting mRNA.

The present disclosure provides a method for utilizing at least one naturally occurring nucleotide difference or polymorphism (e.g., single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)) for distinguishing/discriminating between two alleles of a gene, one allele bearing a mutation such that it encodes a mutated protein causing a disease phenotype (“mutated allele”), and the other allele encoding for a functional protein (“functional allele”). In some embodiments, the method further comprises the step of knocking out expression of the mutated protein and allowing expression of the functional protein.

According to embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a first RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010.

According to embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a first RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for inactivating a mutant IMDPH1 allele in a cell, the method comprising delivering to the cell a composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for treating retinitis pigmentosa, the method comprising delivering to a subject having retinitis pigmentosa a composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided use of a composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease for inactivating a mutant IMDPH1 allele in a cell, comprising delivering to the cell the composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease.

According to embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a medicament comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease for use in inactivating a mutant IMDPH1 allele in a cell, wherein the medicament is administered by delivering to the cell the composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided use of a composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease for treating ameliorating or preventing retinitis pigmentosa, comprising delivering to a subject having or at risk of having retinitis pigmentosa the composition of comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a medicament comprising the composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease for use in treating ameliorating or preventing retinitis pigmentosa, wherein the medicament is administered by delivering to a subject having or at risk of having retinitis pigmentosa the composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a kit for inactivating a mutant IMDPH1 allele in a cell, comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010, a CRISPR nuclease, and/or a tracrRNA molecule; and instructions for delivering the RNA molecule; CRISPR nuclease, and/or the tracrRNA to the cell.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a kit for treating retinitis pigmentosa in a subject, comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010, a CRISPR nuclease, and/or a tracrRNA molecule; and instructions for delivering the RNA molecule; CRISPR nuclease, and/or the tracrRNA to a subject having or at risk of having retinitis pigmentosa.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Definitions

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and/or scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of embodiments of the invention, exemplary methods and/or materials are described below. In case of conflict, the patent specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be necessarily limiting.

It should be understood that the terms “a” and “an” as used above and elsewhere herein refer to “one or more” of the enumerated components. It will be clear to one of ordinary skill in the art that the use of the singular includes the plural unless specifically stated otherwise. Therefore, the terms “a,” “an” and “at least one” are used interchangeably in this application.

For purposes of better understanding the present teachings and in no way limiting the scope of the teachings, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities, percentages or proportions, and other numerical values used in the specification and claims, are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained. At the very least, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

Unless otherwise stated, adjectives such as “substantially” and “about” modifying a condition or relationship characteristic of a feature or features of an embodiment of the invention, are understood to mean that the condition or characteristic is defined to within tolerances that are acceptable for operation of the embodiment for an application for which it is intended. Unless otherwise indicated, the word “or” in the specification and claims is considered to be the inclusive “or” rather than the exclusive or, and indicates at least one of, or any combination of items it conjoins.

In the description and claims of the present application, each of the verbs, “comprise,” “include” and “have” and conjugates thereof, are used to indicate that the object or objects of the verb are not necessarily a complete listing of components, elements or parts of the subject or subjects of the verb. Other terms as used herein are meant to be defined by their well-known meanings in the art.

The “guide sequence portion” of an RNA molecule refers to a nucleotide sequence that is capable of hybridizing to a specific target DNA sequence, e.g., the guide sequence portion has a nucleotide sequence which is fully complementary to said target DNA sequence. In some embodiments, the guide sequence portion is 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, or 24 nucleotides in length, or approximately 17-24, 18-22, 19-22, 18-20, or 17-20 nucleotides in length. The guide sequence portion may be part of an RNA molecule that can form a complex with a CRISPR nuclease with the guide sequence portion serving as the DNA targeting portion of the CRISPR complex. When the DNA molecule having the guide sequence portion is present contemporaneously with the CRISPR molecule the RNA molecule is capable of targeting the CRISPR nuclease to the specific target DNA sequence. Each possibility represents a separate embodiment. An RNA molecule can be custom designed to target any desired sequence.

In embodiments of the present invention, an RNA molecule comprises a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010, 1-687, or 688-3010.

As used herein, “contiguous nucleotides” set forth in a SEQ ID NO refers to nucleotides in a sequence of nucleotides in the order set forth in the SEQ ID NO without any intervening nucleotides.

In embodiments of the present invention, the guide sequence portion may be 20 nucleotides in length and consists of 20 nucleotides in the sequence of 20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010. In embodiments of the present invention, the guide sequence portion may be less than 20 nucleotides in length. For example, in embodiments of the present invention the guide sequence portion may be 17, 18, or 19 nucleotides in length. In such embodiments the guide sequence portion may consist of 17, 18, or 19 nucleotides, respectively, in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010. For example, a guide sequence portion having 17 nucleotides in the sequence of 17 contiguous nucleotides set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 may consist of any one of the following nucleotide sequences (nucleotides excluded from the contiguous sequence are marked in strike-through):

SEQ ID NO: 1 AGGCUCCACUGAGAGGAAGG 17 nucleotide guide sequence 1:

CUCCACUGAGAGGAAGG 17 nucleotide guide sequence 2:

GCUCCACUGAGAGGAAG 

17 nucleotide guide sequence 3:

GGCUCCACUGAGAGGAA 

17 nucleotide guide sequence 4: AGGCUCCACUGAGAGGA 

In embodiments of the present invention, the guide sequence portion may be greater than 20 nucleotides in length. For example, in embodiments of the present invention the guide sequence portion may be 21, 22, 23, or 24 nucleotides in length. In such embodiments the guide sequence portion comprises 20 nucleotides in the sequence of 20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and additional nucleotides fully complimentary to a nucleotide or sequence of nucleotides adjacent to the 3′ end of the target sequence, 5′ end of the target sequence, or both.

In embodiments of the present invention a CRISPR nuclease and an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion form a CRISPR complex that binds to a target DNA sequence to effect cleavage of the target DNA sequence. CRISPR nucleases, e.g. Cpf1, may form a CRISPR complex comprising a CRISPR nuclease and RNA molecule without a further tracrRNA molecule. Alternatively, CRISPR nucleases, e.g. Cas9, may form a CRISPR complex between the CRISPR nuclease, an RNA molecule, and a tracrRNA molecule.

In embodiments of the present invention, the RNA molecule may further comprise the sequence of a tracrRNA molecule. Such embodiments may be designed as a synthetic fusion of the guide portion of the RNA molecule and the trans-activating crRNA (tracrRNA). (See Jinek (2012) Science). Embodiments of the present invention may also form CRISPR complexes utilizing a separate tracrRNA molecule and a separate RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion. In such embodiments the tracrRNA molecule may hybridize with the RNA molecule via basepairing and may be advantageous in certain applications of the invention described herein.

The term “tracr mate sequence” refers to a sequence sufficiently complementary to a tracrRNA molecule so as to hybridize to the tracrRNA via basepairing and promote the formation of a CRISPR complex. (See e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 8,906,616). In embodiments of the present invention, the RNA molecule may further comprise a portion having a tracr mate sequence.

A “gene,” for the purposes of the present disclosure, includes a DNA region encoding a gene product, as well as all DNA regions which regulate the production of the gene product, whether or not such regulatory sequences are adjacent to coding and/or transcribed sequences. Accordingly, a gene includes, but is not necessarily limited to, promoter sequences, terminators, translational regulatory sequences such as ribosome binding sites and internal ribosome entry sites, enhancers, silencers, insulators, boundary elements, replication origins, matrix attachment sites and locus control regions.

“Eukaryotic” cells include, but are not limited to, fungal cells (such as yeast), plant cells, animal cells, mammalian cells and human cells.

The term “nuclease” as used herein refers to an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotide subunits of nucleic acid. A nuclease may be isolated or derived from a natural source. The natural source may be any living organism. Alternatively, a nuclease may be a modified or a synthetic protein which retains the phosphodiester bond cleaving activity. Gene modification can be achieved using a nuclease, for example a CRISPR nuclease.

Embodiments

The present disclosure provides a method for utilizing at least one naturally occurring nucleotide difference or polymorphism (e.g., single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)) for distinguishing/discriminating between two alleles of a gene, one allele bearing a mutation such that it encodes a mutated protein causing a disease phenotype (“mutated allele”), and the other allele encoding for a functional protein (“functional allele”). The method further comprises the step of knocking out expression of the mutated protein and allowing expression of the functional protein. In some embodiments, the method is for treating, ameliorating, or preventing a dominant negative genetic disorder.

According to embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a first RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010.

According to embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a first RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010.

According embodiments of the present invention, an RNA molecule may further comprise a portion having a sequence which binds to a CRISPR nuclease.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the sequence which binds to a CRISPR nuclease is a tracrRNA sequence.

According to embodiments of the present invention, an RNA molecule may further comprise a portion having a tracr mate sequence.

According to embodiments of the present invention, an RNA molecule may further comprise one or more linker portions.

According to embodiments of the present invention, an RNA molecule may be up to 300, 290, 280, 270, 260, 250, 240, 230, 220, 210, 200, 190, 180, 170, 160, 150, 140, 130, 120, 110, or 100 nucleotides in length. Each possibility represents a separate embodiment. In embodiments of the present invention, the RNA molecule may be 17 up to 300 nucleotides in length, 100 up to 300 nucleotides in length, 150 up to 300 nucleotides in length, 200 up to 300 nucleotides in length, 100 to 200 nucleotides in length, or 150 up to 250 nucleotides in length. Each possibility represents a separate embodiment.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the composition may comprise a second RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the guide sequence portion of the second RNA molecule comprises 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the 17-20 nucleotides of the guide sequence portion of the second RNA molecule are in a different sequence from the sequence of the guide sequence portion of the first RNA molecule

Embodiments of the present invention may comprise a tracrRNA molecule.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for inactivating a mutant IMDPH1 allele in a cell, the method comprising delivering to the cell a composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for treating retinitis pigmentosa, the method comprising delivering to a subject having retinitis pigmentosa a composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the composition comprises a second RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the 17-20 nucleotides of the guide sequence portion of the second RNA molecule are in a different sequence from the sequence of the guide sequence portion of the first RNA molecule

According to embodiments of the present invention, the CRISPR nuclease and the RNA molecule or RNA molecules are delivered to the subject and/or cells substantially at the same time or at different times.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the tracrRNA is delivered to the subject and/or cells substantially at the same time or at different times as the CRISPR nuclease and RNA molecule or RNA molecules.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the first RNA molecule targets a SNP or disease-causing mutation in an exon or promoter of a mutated allele, and wherein the second RNA molecule targets a SNP in the same or a different exon of the mutated allele, a SNP in an intron, or a sequence in an intron present in both the mutated or functional allele.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the first RNA molecule or the first and the second RNA molecules target a SNP in the promoter region, the start codon, or the untranslated region (UTR) of a mutated allele.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the first RNA molecule or the first and the second RNA molecules targets at least a portion of the promoter and/or the start codon and/or a portion of the UTR of a mutated allele.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the first RNA molecule targets a portion of the promoter, a first SNP in the promoter, or a SNP upstream to the promoter of a mutated allele and the second RNA molecule is targets a second SNP, which is downstream of the first SNP, and is in the promoter, in the UTR, or in an intron or in an exon of a mutated allele.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the first RNA molecule targets a SNP in the promoter, upstream of the promoter, or the UTR of a mutated allele and the second RNA molecule is designed to target a sequence which is present in an intron of both the mutated allele and the functional allele.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the first RNA molecule targets a sequence upstream of the promotor which is present in both a mutated and functional allele and the second RNA molecule targets a SNP or disease-causing mutation in any location of the gene.

According to embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method comprising removing an exon containing a disease-causing mutation from a mutated allele, wherein the first RNA molecule or the first and the second RNA molecules target regions flanking an entire exon or a portion of the exon.

According to embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method comprising removing multiple exons, the entire open reading frame of a gene, or removing the entire gene.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the first RNA molecule targets a SNP or disease-causing mutation in an exon or promoter of a mutated allele, and wherein the second RNA molecule targets a SNP in the same or a different exon of the mutated allele, a SNP in an intron, or a sequence in an intron present in both the mutated or functional allele.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the first RNA molecule or the first and the second RNA molecules target an alternative splicing signal sequence between an exon and an intron of a mutant allele.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the second RNA molecule targets a sequence present in both a mutated allele and a functional allele.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the second RNA molecule targets an intron.

According to embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method comprising subjecting the mutant allele to insertion or deletion by an error prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanism, generating a frameshift in the mutated allele's sequence.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the frameshift results in inactivation or knockout of the mutated allele.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the frameshift creates an early stop codon in the mutated allele.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the frameshift results in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay of the transcript of the mutant allele.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the inactivating or treating results in a truncated protein encoded by the mutated allele and a functional protein encoded by the functional allele.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided use of a composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease inactivating a mutant IMDPH1 allele in a cell, comprising delivering to the cell the RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and the CRISPR nuclease.

According to embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a medicament comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease for use in inactivating a mutant IMDPH1 allele in a cell, wherein the medicament is administered by delivering to the cell the composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided use of a composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease for treating ameliorating or preventing retinitis pigmentosa, comprising delivering to a subject having or at risk of having retinitis pigmentosa the composition of comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a medicament comprising the composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease for use in treating ameliorating or preventing retinitis pigmentosa, wherein the medicament is administered by delivering to a subject having or at risk of having retinitis pigmentosa: the composition comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 and a CRISPR nuclease.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a kit for inactivating a mutant IMDPH1 allele in a cell, comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010, a CRISPR nuclease, and/or a tracrRNA molecule; and instructions for delivering the RNA molecule; CRISPR nuclease, and/or the tracrRNA to the cell.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a kit for treating retinitis pigmentosa in a subject, comprising an RNA molecule comprising a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010, a CRISPR nuclease, and/or a tracrRNA molecule; and instructions for delivering the RNA molecule; CRISPR nuclease, and/or the tracrRNA to a subject having or at risk of having retinitis pigmentosa.

In embodiments of the present invention, the RNA molecule comprises a guide sequence portion having 17-20 nucleotides in the sequence of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-687, SEQ ID NOs: 688-3010, or SEQ ID NOs 1-3010.

The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may be utilized for treating, preventing, ameliorating, or slowing progression of retinitis pigmentosa. In some embodiments the retinitis pigmentosa is type 10 (RP10).

In some embodiments, a mutated allele is deactivated by delivering to a cell an RNA molecule which targets a SNP in the promoter region, the start codon, or the untranslated region (UTR) of the mutated allele.

In some embodiments, a mutated allele is inactivated by removing at least a portion of the promoter and/or removing the start codon and/or a portion of the UTR. In some embodiments, the method of deactivating a mutated allele comprises removing at least a portion of the promoter. In such embodiments one RNA molecule may be designed for targeting a first SNP in the promoter or upstream to the promoter and another RNA molecule is designed to target a second SNP, which is downstream of the first SNP, and is in the promoter, in the UTR, or in an intron or in an exon. Alternatively, one RNA molecule may be designed for targeting a SNP in the promoter, or upstream of the promoter, or the UTR and another RNA molecule is designed to target a sequence which is present in an intron of both the mutated allele and the functional allele. Alternatively, one RNA molecule may be designed for targeting a sequence upstream of the promotor which is present in both the mutated and functional allele and the other guide is designed to target a SNP or disease-causing mutation in any location of the gene e.g., in an exon, intron, UTR, or downstream of the promoter.

In some embodiments, the method of deactivating a mutated allele comprises an exon skipping step comprising removing an exon containing a disease-causing mutation from the mutated allele. Removing an exon containing a disease-causing mutation in the mutated allele requires two RNA molecules which target regions flanking the entire exon or a portion of the exon. Removal of an exon containing the disease-causing mutation may be designed to eliminate the disease-causing action of the protein while allowing for expression of the remaining protein product which retains some or all of the wild-type activity. As an alternative to single exon skipping, multiple exons, the entire open reading frame or the entire gene can be excised using two RNA molecules flanking the region desired to be excised.

In some embodiments, the method of deactivating a mutated allele comprises delivering two RNA molecules to a cell, wherein one RNA molecule targets a SNP or disease-causing mutation in an exon or promoter of the mutated allele, and wherein the other RNA molecule targets a SNP in the same or a different exon of the mutated allele, a SNP in an intron, or a sequence in an intron present in both the mutated or functional allele.

In some embodiments, an RNA molecule is used to target a CRISPR nuclease to an alternative splicing signal sequence between an exon and an intron of a mutant allele, thereby destroying the alternative splicing signal sequence in the mutant allele.

Any one of, or combination of, the above-mentioned strategies for deactivating a mutant allele may be used in the context of the invention.

Additional strategies may be used to deactivate a mutated allele. For example, in embodiments of the present invention, an RNA molecule is used to direct a CRISPR nuclease to an exon or a splice site of a mutated allele in order to create a double-stranded break (DSB), leading to insertion or deletion of nucleotides by an error-prone non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) mechanism and formation of a frameshift mutation in the mutated allele. The frameshift mutation may result in: (1) inactivation or knockout of the mutated allele by generation of an early stop codon in the mutated allele, resulting in generation of a truncated protein; or (2) nonsense mediated mRNA decay of the transcript of the mutant allele. In further embodiments, one RNA molecule is used to direct a CRISPR nuclease to a promotor of a mutated allele.

In some embodiments, the method of deactivating a mutated allele further comprises enhancing activity of the functional protein such as by providing a protein/peptide, a nucleic acid encoding a protein/peptide, or a small molecule such as a chemical compound, capable of activating/enhancing activity of the functional protein.

According to some embodiments, the present disclosure provides an RNA sequence (‘RNA molecule’) which binds to/associates with and/or directs the RNA guided DNA nuclease e.g., CRISPR nuclease to a sequence comprising at least one nucleotide which differs between a mutated allele and a functional allele (e.g., SNP) of a gene of interest (i.e., a sequence of the mutated allele which is not present in the functional allele).

In some embodiments, the method comprises the steps of: contacting a mutated allele of a gene of interest with an allele-specific RNA molecule and a CRISPR nuclease e.g., a Cas9 protein, wherein the allele-specific RNA molecule and the CRISPR nuclease e.g., Cas9 associate with a nucleotide sequence of the mutated allele of the gene of interest which differs by at least one nucleotide from a nucleotide sequence of a functional allele of the gene of interest, thereby modifying or knocking-out the mutated allele.

In some embodiments, the allele-specific RNA molecule and a CRISPR nuclease is introduced to a cell encoding the gene of interest. In some embodiments, the cell encoding the gene of interest is in a mammalian subject. In some embodiments, the cell encoding the gene of interest is in a plant.

In some embodiments, the cleaved mutated allele is further subjected to insertion or deletion (indel) by an error prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanism, generating a frameshift in the mutated allele's sequence. In some embodiments, the generated frameshift results in inactivation or knockout of the mutated allele. In some embodiments, the generated frameshift creates an early stop codon in the mutated allele and results in generation of a truncated protein. In such embodiments, the method results in the generation of a truncated protein encoded by the mutated allele and a functional protein encoded by the functional allele. In some embodiments, a frameshift generated in a mutated allele using the methods of the invention results in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay of the transcript of the mutant allele.

In some embodiments, the mutated allele is an allele of the IMDPH1 gene. In some embodiments, the RNA molecule targets a SNP which co-exists with/is genetically linked to the mutated sequence associated with retinitis pigmentosa genetic disorder. In some embodiments, the RNA molecule targets a SNP which is highly prevalent in the population and exists in the mutated allele having the mutated sequence associated with retinitis pigmentosa genetic disorder and not in the functional allele of an individual subject to be treated. In some embodiments, a disease-causing mutation within a mutated IMDPH1 allele is targeted.

In some embodiments, the SNP is within an exon of the gene of interest. In such embodiments, a guide sequence portion of an RNA molecule may be designed to associate with a sequence of the exon of the gene of interest.

In some embodiments, SNP is within an intron or an exon of the gene of interest. In some embodiments, SNP is in close proximity to a splice site between the intron and the exon. In some embodiments, the close proximity to a splice site is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 nucleotides upstream or downstream to the splice site. Each possibility represents a separate embodiment of the present invention. In such embodiments, a guide sequence portion of an RNA molecule may be designed to associate with a sequence of the gene of interest which comprises the splice site.

In some embodiments, the method is utilized for treating a subject having a disease phenotype resulting from the heterozygote 1MDPH1 gene. In such embodiments, the method results in improvement, amelioration or prevention of the disease phenotype.

Embodiments referred to above refer to a CRISPR nuclease, RNA molecule(s), and tracrRNA being effective in a subject or cells at the same time. The CRISPR, RNA molecule(s), and tracrRNA can be delivered substantially at the same time or can be delivered at different times but have effect at the same time. For example, this includes delivering the CRISPR nuclease to the subject or cells before the RNA molecule and/or tracr RNA is substantially extant in the subject or cells.

In some embodiments, the cell is a retinal cell. In some embodiments, the cell is a photoreceptor cell. In some embodiments, the photoreceptor cell is a rod photoreceptor cell. In some embodiments, the photoreceptor cell is a cone photoreceptor cell.

Dominant Genetic Disorders.

One of skill in the art will appreciate that all subjects with any type of heterozygote genetic disorder (e.g., dominant genetic disorder) may be subjected to the methods described herein. In one embodiment, the present invention may be used to target a gene involved in, associated with, or causative of dominant genetic disorders such as, for example retinitis pigmentosa. In some embodiments, the dominant genetic disorder is retinitis pigmentosa. In some embodiments, the target gene is the IMPDH1 gene (Entrez Gene, gene ID No: 3614).

CRISPR Nucleases and PAM Recognition

In some embodiments, the sequence specific nuclease is selected from CRISPR nucleases, or a functional variant thereof. In some embodiments, the sequence specific nuclease is an RNA guided DNA nuclease. In such embodiments, the RNA sequence which guides the RNA guided DNA nuclease (e.g., Cpf1) binds to and/or directs the RNA guided DNA nuclease to the sequence comprising at least one nucleotide which differs between a mutated allele and its counterpart functional allele (e.g., SNP). In some embodiments, the CRISPR complex does not further comprise a tracrRNA. In a non-limiting example, in which the RNA guided DNA nuclease is a CRISPR protein, the at least one nucleotide which differs between the dominant mutated allele and the functional allele may be within the PAM site and/or proximal to the PAM site within the region that the RNA molecule is designed to hybridize to. A skilled artisan will appreciate that RNA molecules can be engineered to bind to a target of choice in a genome by commonly known methods in the art.

In embodiments of the present invention, a type II CRISPR system utilizes a mature crRNA:tracrRNA complex directs a CRISPR nuclease, e.g. Cas9, to the target DNA via Watson-Crick base-pairing between the crRNA and the protospacer on the target DNA next to the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), an additional requirement for target recognition. The CRISPR nuclease then mediates cleavage of target DNA to create a double-stranded break within the protospacer. A skilled artisan will appreciate that each of the engineered RNA molecule of the present invention is further designed such as to associate with a target genomic DNA sequence of interest next to a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), e.g., a PAM matching the sequence relevant for the type of CRISPR nuclease utilized, such as for a non-limiting example, NGG or NAG, wherein “N” is any nucleobase, for Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 WT (SpCAS9); NNGRRT for Staphylococcus aureus (SaCas9); NNNVRYM for Jejuni Cas9 WT; NGAN or NGNG for SpCas9-VQR variant; NGCG for SpCas9-VRER variant; NGAG for SpCas9-EQR variant; NNNNGATT for Neisseria meningitidis (NmCas9); or TTTV for Cpf1. RNA molecules of the present invention are each designed to form complexes in conjunction with one or more different CRISPR nucleases and designed to target polynucleotide sequences of interest utilizing one or more different PAM sequences respective to the CRISPR nuclease utilized.

In some embodiments, an RNA-guided DNA nuclease e.g., a CRISPR nuclease, may be used to cause a DNA break at a desired location in the genome of a cell. The most commonly used RNA-guided DNA nucleases are derived from CRISPR systems, however, other RNA-guided DNA nucleases are also contemplated for use in the genome editing compositions and methods described herein. For instance, see U.S. Patent Publication No. 2015-0211023, incorporated herein by reference.

CRISPR systems that may be used in the practice of the invention vary greatly. CRISPR systems can be a type I, a type II, or a type III system. Non-limiting examples of suitable CRISPR proteins include Cas3, Cas4, Cas5, Cas5e (or CasD), Cas6, Cas6e, Cas6f, Cas7, Cas8a1, Cas8a2, Cas8b, Cas8c, Cas9, Cas10, Cas10d, CasF, CasG, CasH, Csy1, Csy2, Csy3, Cse1 (or CasA), Cse2 (or CasB), Cse3 (or CasE), Cse4 (or CasC), Csc1, Csc2, Csa5, Csn2, Csm2, Csm3, Csm4, Csm5, Csm6, Cmr1, Cmr3, Cmr4, Cmr5, Cmr6, Csb1, Csb2, Csb3,Csx17, Csx14, Csx10, Csx16, CsaX, Csx3, Csz1, Csx15, Csf1, Csf2, Csf3, Csf4, and Cul966.

In some embodiments, the RNA-guided DNA nuclease is a CRISPR nuclease derived from a type II CRISPR system (e.g., Cas9). The CRISPR nuclease may be derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria meningitidis, Treponema denticola, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei, Streptomyces pristinaespiralis, Streptomyces viridochromogenes, Streptomyces viridochromogenes, Streptosporangium roseum, Streptosporangium roseum, Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius, Bacillus pseudomycoides, Bacillus selenitireducens, Exiguobacterium sibiricum, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus salivarius, Microscilla marina, Burkholderiales bacterium, Polaromonas naphthalenivorans, Polaromonas sp., Crocosphaera watsonii, Cyanothece sp., Microcystis aeruginosa, Synechococcus sp., Acetohalobium arabaticum, Ammonifex degensii, Caldicelulosiruptor becscii, Candidatus Desulforudis, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium diljicile, Finegoldia magna, Natranaerobius thermophilus, Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum, Acidithiobacillus caldus, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Allochromatium vinosum, Marinobacter sp., Nitrosococcus halophilus, Nitrosococcus watsoni, Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis, Ktedonobacter racemifer, Methanohalobium evestigatum, Anabaena variabilis, Nodularia spumigena, Nostoc sp., Arthrospira maxima, Arthrospira platensis, Arthrospira sp., Lyngbya sp., Microcoleus chthonoplastes, Oscillatoria sp., Petrotoga mobilis, Thermosipho africanus, Acaryochloris marina, or any species which encodes a CRISPR nuclease with a known PAM sequence. CRISPR nucleases encoded by uncultured bacteria may also be used in the context of the invention. (See Burstein et al. Nature, 2017). Variants of CRIPSR proteins having known PAM sequences e.g., spCas9 D1135E variant, spCas9 VQR variant, spCas9 EQR variant, or spCas9 VRER variant may also be used in the context of the invention.

Thus, an RNA guided DNA nuclease of a CRISPR system, such as a Cas9 protein or modified Cas9 or homolog or ortholog of Cas9, or other RNA guided DNA nucleases belonging to other types of CRISPR systems, such as Cpf1 and its homologs and orthologs, may be used in the compositions of the present invention.

In certain embodiments, the CRIPSR nuclease may be a “functional derivative” of a naturally occurring Cas protein. A “functional derivative” of a native sequence polypeptide is a compound having a qualitative biological property in common with a native sequence polypeptide. “Functional derivatives” include, but are not limited to, fragments of a native sequence and derivatives of a native sequence polypeptide and its fragments, provided that they have a biological activity in common with a corresponding native sequence polypeptide. A biological activity contemplated herein is the ability of the functional derivative to hydrolyze a DNA substrate into fragments. The term “derivative” encompasses both amino acid sequence variants of polypeptide, covalent modifications, and fusions thereof. Suitable derivatives of a Cas polypeptide or a fragment thereof include but are not limited to mutants, fusions, covalent modifications of Cas protein or a fragment thereof. Cas protein, which includes Cas protein or a fragment thereof, as well as derivatives of Cas protein or a fragment thereof, may be obtainable from a cell or synthesized chemically or by a combination of these two procedures. The cell may be a cell that naturally produces Cas protein, or a cell that naturally produces Cas protein and is genetically engineered to produce the endogenous Cas protein at a higher expression level or to produce a Cas protein from an exogenously introduced nucleic acid, which nucleic acid encodes a Cas that is same or different from the endogenous Cas. In some cases, the cell does not naturally produce Cas protein and is genetically engineered to produce a Cas protein.

In some embodiments, the CRISPR nuclease is Cpf1. Cpf1 is a single RNA-guided endonuclease which utilizes a T-rich protospacer-adjacent motif. Cpf1 cleaves DNA via a staggered DNA double-stranded break. Two Cpf1 enzymes from Acidaminococcus and Lachnospiraceae have been shown to carry out efficient genome-editing activity in human cells. (See Zetsche et al. (2015) Cell.).

Thus, an RNA guided DNA nuclease of a Type II CRISPR System, such as a Cas9 protein or modified Cas9 or homologs, orthologues, or variants of Cas9, or other RNA guided DNA nucleases belonging to other types of CRISPR systems, such as Cpf1 and its homologs, orthologues, or variants, may be used in the present invention.

In some embodiments, the guide molecule comprises one or more chemical modifications which imparts a new or improved property (e.g., improved stability from degradation, improved hybridization energetics, or improved binding properties with an RNA guided DNA nuclease). Suitable chemical modifications include, but are not limited to: modified bases, modified sugar moieties, or modified inter-nucleoside linkages. Non-limiting examples of suitable chemical modifications include: 4-acetylcytidine, 5-(carboxyhydroxymethyl)uridine, 2′-O-methylcytidine, 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine, 5-carboxymethylaminomethyluridine, dihydrouridine, 2′-O-methylpseudouridine, “beta, D-galactosylqueuosine”, 2′-O-methylguanosine, inosine, N6-isopentenyladenosine, 1-methyladenosine, 1-methylpseudouridine, 1-methylguanosine, 1-methylinosine, “2,2-dimethylguanosine”, 2-methyladenosine, 2-methylguanosine, 3-methylcytidine, 5-methylcytidine, N6-methyladenosine, 7-methylguanosine, 5-methylaminomethyluridine, 5-methoxyaminomethyl-2-thiouridine, “beta, D-mannosylqueuosine”, 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine, 5-methoxycarbonylmethyluridine, 5-methoxyuridine, 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenosine, N-((9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2-methylthiopurine-6-yl)carbamoyl)threonine, N-((9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine-6-yl)N-methylcarbamoyl)threonine, uridine-5-oxyacetic acid-methylester, uridine-5-oxyacetic acid, wybutoxosine, queuosine, 2-thiocytidine, 5-methyl-2-thiouridine, 2-thiouridine, 4-thiouridine, 5-methyluridine, N-((9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine-6-yl)-carbamoyl)threonine, 2′-O-methyl-5-methyluridine, 2′-O-methyluridine, wybutosine, “3-(3-amino-3-carboxy-propyl)uridine, (acp3)u”, 2′-0-methyl (M), 3′-phosphorothioate (MS), 3′-thioPACE (MSP), pseudouridine, or 1-methyl pseudo-uridine. Each possibility represents a separate embodiment of the present invention.

Guide Sequences which Specifically Target a Mutant Allele

A given gene may contain thousands of SNPs. Utilizing a 24 base pair target window for targeting each SNP in a gene would require hundreds of thousands of guide sequences. Any given guide sequence when utilized to target a SNP may result in degradation of the guide sequence, limited activity, no activity, or off-target effects. Accordingly, suitable guide sequences are necessary for targeting a given gene. By the present invention, a novel set of guide sequences have been identified for knocking out expression of a mutated IMDPH1 protein, inactivating a mutant IMDPH1 gene allele, and treating retinitis pigmentosa.

The present disclosure provides guide sequences capable of specifically targeting a mutated allele for inactivation while leaving the functional allele unmodified. The guide sequences of the present invention are designed to, and are most likely to, specifically differentiate between a mutated allele and a functional allele. Of all possible guide sequences which target a mutated allele desired to be inactivated, the specific guide sequences disclosed herein are specifically effective to function with the disclosed embodiments.

Briefly, the guide sequences may have properties as follows: (1) target SNP/insertion/deletion/indel with a high prevalence in the general population, in a specific ethnic population or in a patient population is above 1% and the SNP/insertion/deletion/indel heterozygosity rate in the same population is above 1%; (2) target a location of a SNP/insertion/deletion/indel proximal to a portion of the gene e.g., within 5k bases of any portion of the gene, for example, a promoter, a UTR, an exon or an intron; and (3) target a mutant allele using an RNA molecule which targets a founder or common pathogenic mutations for the disease/gene. In some embodiments, the prevalence of the SNP/insertion/deletion/indel in the general population, in a specific ethnic population or in a patient population is above 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, or 15% and the SNP/insertion/deletion/indel heterozygosity rate in the same population is above 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, or 15%. Each possibility represents a separate embodiment and may be combined at will.

For each gene, according to SNP/insertion/deletion/indel any one of the following strategies may be used to deactivate the mutated allele: (1) Knockout strategy using one RNA molecule—one RNA molecule is utilized to direct a CRISPR nuclease to a mutated allele and create a double-strand break (DSB) leading to formation of a frameshift mutation in an exon or in a splice site region of the mutated allele; (2) Knockout strategy using two RNA molecules—two RNA molecules are utilized. A first RNA molecule targets a region in the promoter or an upstream region of a mutated allele and another RNA molecule targets downstream of the first RNA molecule in a promoter, exon, or intron of the mutated allele; (3) Exon(s) skipping strategy—one RNA molecule may be used to target a CRISPR nuclease to a splice site region, either at the 5′ end of an intron (donor sequence) or the 3′ end of an intron (acceptor sequence), in order to destroy the splice site. Alternatively, two RNA molecules may be utilized such that a first RNA molecule targets an upstream region of an exon and a second RNA molecule targets a region downstream of the first RNA molecule, thereby excising the exon(s). Based on the locations of identified SNPs/insertions/deletions/indels for each mutant allele, any one of, or a combination of, the above-mentioned methods to deactivate the mutant allele may be utilized.

When only one RNA molecule is used is that the location of the SNP is in an exon or in close proximity (e.g., within 20 basepairs) to a splice site between the intron and the exon. When two RNA molecules are used, guide sequences may target two SNPs such that the first SNP is upstream of exon 1 e.g., within the 5′ untranslated region, or within the promoter or within the first 2 kilobases 5′ of the transcription start site, and the second SNP is downstream of the first SNP e.g., within the first 2 kilobases 5′ of the transcription start site, or within intron 1, 2 or 3, or within exon 1, exon 2, or exon 3.

Guide sequences of the present invention may target a SNP in the upstream portion of the targeted gene, preferably upstream of the last exon of the targeted gene. Guide sequences may target a SNP upstream to exon 1, for example within the 5′ untranslated region, or within the promoter or within the first 4-5 kilobases 5′ of the transcription start site.

Guide sequences of the present invention may also target a SNP within close proximity (e.g., within 50 basepairs, more preferably with 20 basepairs) to a known protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) site.

Guide sequences of the present invention also may target: (1) a heterozygous SNP for the targeted gene; (2) a heterozygous SNPs upstream and downstream of the gene; (3) a SNPs with a prevalence of the SNP/insertion/deletion/indel in the general population, in a specific ethnic population, or in a patient population above 1%; (4) have a guanine-cytosine content of greater than 30% and less than 85%; (5) have no repeat of 4 or more thymine/uracil or 8 or more guanine, cytosine, or adenine; (6) having no off-target identified by off-target analysis; and (7) preferably target Exons over Introns or be upstream of a SNP rather than downstream of a SNP.

In embodiments of the present invention, the SNP may be upstream or downstream of the gene. In embodiments of the present invention, the SNP is within 4,000 base pairs upstream or downstream of the gene.

The at least one nucleotide which differs between the mutated allele and the functional allele, may be upstream, downstream or within the sequence of the disease-causing mutation of the gene of interest. The at least one nucleotide which differs between the mutated allele and the functional allele, may be within an exon or within an intron of the gene of interest. In some embodiments, the at least one nucleotide which differs between the mutated allele and the functional allele is within an exon of the gene of interest. In some embodiments, the at least one nucleotide which differs between the mutated allele and the functional allele is within an intron or an exon of the gene of interest, in close proximity to a splice site between the intron and the exon e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 nucleotides upstream or downstream to the splice site.

In some embodiments, the at least one nucleotide is a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In some embodiments, each of the nucleotide variants of the SNP may be expressed in the mutated allele. In some embodiments, the SNP may be a founder or common pathogenic mutation.

Guide sequences may target a SNP which has both (1) a high prevalence in the general population e.g., above 1% in the population; and (2) a high heterozygosity rate in the population, e.g., above 1%. Guide sequences may target a SNP that is globally distributed. A SNP may be a founder or common pathogenic mutation. In some embodiments, the prevalence in the general population is above 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, or 15%. Each possibility represents a separate embodiment. In some embodiments, the heterozygosity rate in the population is above 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, or 15%. Each possibility represents a separate embodiment.

In some embodiments, the at least one nucleotide which differs between the mutated allele and the functional allele is linked to/co-exists with the disease-causing mutation in high prevalence in a population. In such embodiments, “high prevalence” refers to at least 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%. Each possibility represents a separate embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, the at least one nucleotide which differs between the mutated allele and the functional allele, is a disease-associated mutation. In some embodiments, the SNP is highly prevalent in the population. In such embodiments, “highly prevalent” refers to at least 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, or 70% of a population. Each possibility represents a separate embodiment of the present invention.

Guide sequences of the present invention may satisfy any one of the above criteria and are most likely to differentiate between a mutated allele from its corresponding functional allele.

In some embodiments the RNA molecule targets a SNP/WT sequence linked to SNPs as shown in Table 1 below. The SNP details are indicated in the 1^(st) column and include: SNP ID No. (based on NCBI's 2018 database of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (dbSNP)). For variants with no available rs number variants characteristic are indicated based on gnomAD 2018 browser database. The 2^(nd) column indicates an assigned identifier for each SNP. The 3^(rd) column indicates the location of each SNP on the IMDPH1 gene.

TABLE 1 IMDPH1 gene SNPs RSID SNP No. SNP location in the gene rs2278293 s1 Intron_7 of 16 rs2278294 s2 Intron_7 of 16 rs10954183 s3 Intron_9 of 16 rs10954184 s4 Intron_9 of 16 rs7802305 s5 Intron_10 of 16 rs72624976 s6 Exon_17 of 17 rs34848853 s7 Intron_3 of 16 rs13312278 s8 Intron_5 of 16 rs13242340 s9 Intron_3 of 16 rs3793165 s10 Intron_5 of 16 rs11770116 s11 Intron_3 of 16 rs12536006 s12 Intron_3 of 16 rs2228075 s13 Exon_15 of 17 rs6949295 s14 downstream +4000 bp rs4731450 s15 Intron_5 of 16 rs6948333 s16 downstream +574 bp rs2288548 s17 Intron_4 of 16 rs4731448 s18 Intron_5 of 16 rs2288549 s19 Intron_4 of 16 rs714510 s20 downstream +1032 bp rs11764599 s21 upstream −3349 bp rs11766743 s22 Intron_12 of 16 rs3793164 s23 Intron_5 of 16 rs2288550 s24 Exon_10 of 17 rs72624936 s25 Exon_1 of 17 rs11771514 s26 upstream −3603 bp rs57124454 s27 upstream −1986 bp rs35501542 s28 Intron_5 of 16 rs62481103 s29 Intron_4 of 16 rs62481100 s30 Intron_5 of 16 rs72624928 s31 upstream −670 bp rs76672854 s32 Intron_4 of 16 rs28580600 s33 Intron_13 of 16 rs10247945 s34 Intron_5 of 16 rs714511 s35 downstream +716 bp rs4731449 s36 Intron_5 of 16 rs571143742 s37 Intron_3 of 16 rs78763502 s38 Intron_16 of 16 rs10273872 s39 Intron_16 of 16 rs11761662 s40 upstream −381 bp rs11771484 s41 upstream −3309 bp rs76951139 s42 Intron_5 of 16 rs11769333 s43 Intron_3 of 16 rs144398561 s44 Intron_3 of 16 rs66511422 s45 Intron_3 of 16 rs11766548 s46 Intron_3 of 16 rs4731447 s47 Intron_14 of 16 rs2288553 s48 Intron_1 of 16 rs1803821 s49 Exon_17 of 17 rs1803822 s50 Exon_17 of 17 rs28364722 s51 Intron_3 of 16

Delivery to Cells

The RNA molecule compositions described herein may be delivered to a target cell by any suitable means. RNA molecule compositions of the present invention may be targeted to any cell which contains and/or expresses a dominant negative allele, including any mammalian or plant cell. For example, in one embodiment the RNA molecule specifically targets a mutated IMDPH1 allele and the target cell is a retinal cell such as pigment epithelium (RPE), photoreceptors (e.g., rod and cone), glial cells (e.g., Müller), and ganglion cells. Further, the nucleic acid compositions described herein may be delivered as one or more DNA molecules, RNA molecules, Ribonucleoproteins (RNP), nucleic acid vectors, or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the RNA molecule comprises a chemical modification. Non-limiting examples of suitable chemical modifications include 2′-0-methyl (M), 2′-0-methyl, 3′phosplaorothioate (MS) or 2′-0-methyl, 3′thioPACE (MSP), pseudouridine, and 1-methyl pseudo-uridine. Each possibility represents a separate embodiment of the present invention.

Any suitable viral vector system may be used to deliver nucleic acid compositions e.g., the RNA molecule compositions of the subject invention. Conventional viral and non-viral based gene transfer methods can be used to introduce nucleic acids and target tissues. In certain embodiments, nucleic acids are administered for in vivo or ex vivo gene therapy uses. Non-viral vector delivery systems include naked nucleic acid, and nucleic acid complexed with a delivery vehicle such as a liposome or poloxamer. For a review of gene therapy procedures, see Anderson (1992) Science 256:808-813; Nabel & Felgner (1993) TIBTECH 11:211-217; Mitani & Caskey (1993) TIBTECH 11:162-166; Dillon (1993) TIBTECH 11:167-175; Miller (1992) Nature 357:455-460; Van Brunt (1988) Biotechnology 6(10):1149-1154; Vigne (1995) Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 8:35-36; Kremer & Perricaudet (1995) British Medical Bulletin 51(1):31-44; Haddada et al. (1995) in Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology Doerfler and Bohm (eds.); and Yu et al. (1994) Gene Therapy 1:13-26.

Methods of non-viral delivery of nucleic acids and/or proteins include electroporation, lipofection, microinjection, biolistics, particle gun acceleration, virosomes, liposomes, immunoliposomes, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), polycation or lipid:nucleic acid conjugates, artificial virions, and agent-enhanced uptake of nucleic acids or can be delivered to plant cells by bacteria or viruses (e.g., Agrobacterium, Rhizobium sp. NGR234, Sinorhizoboiummeliloti, Mesorhizobium loti, tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus X, cauliflower mosaic virus and cassava vein mosaic virus). (See, e.g., Chung et al. (2006) Trends Plant Sci. 11(1):1-4). Sonoporation using, e.g., the Sonitron 2000 system (Rich-Mar), can also be used for delivery of nucleic acids. Cationic-lipid mediated delivery of proteins and/or nucleic acids is also contemplated as an in vivo or in vitro delivery method. (See Zuris et al. (2015) Nat. Biotechnol. 33(1):73-80; see also Coelho et al. (2013) N. Engl. J. Med. 369, 819-829; Judge et al. (2006) Mol. Ther. 13, 494-505; and Basha et al. (2011) Mol. Ther. 19, 2186-2200).

Additional exemplary nucleic acid delivery systems include those provided by Amaxa® Biosystems (Cologne, Germany), Maxcyte, Inc. (Rockville, Md.), BTX Molecular Delivery Systems (Holliston, Mass.) and Copernicus Therapeutics Inc., (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,008,336). Lipofection is described in e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,049,386, 4,946,787; and 4,897,355, and lipofection reagents are sold commercially (e.g., Transfectam™, Lipofectin™ and Lipofectamine™ RNAiMAX). Cationic and neutral lipids that are suitable for efficient receptor-recognition lipofection of polynucleotides include those of Felgner, WO 91/17424, WO 91/16024. Delivery can be to cells (ex vivo administration) or target tissues (in vivo administration).

The preparation of lipid:nucleic acid complexes, including targeted liposomes such as immunolipid complexes, is well known to one of skill in the art (See, e.g., Crystal (1995) Science 270:404-410; Blaese et al. (1995) Cancer Gene Ther. 2:291-297; Behr et al. (1994) Bioconjugate Chem. 5:382-389; Remy et al. (1994) Bioconjugate Chem. 5:647-654; Gao et al. (1995) Gene Therapy 2:710-722; Ahmad et al. (1992) Cancer Res. 52:4817-4820; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,186,183, 4,217,344, 4,235,871, 4,261,975, 4,485,054, 4,501,728, 4,774,085, 4,837,028, and 4,946,787).

Additional methods of delivery include the use of packaging the nucleic acids to be delivered into EnGenelC delivery vehicles (EDVs). These EDVs are specifically delivered to target tissues using bispecific antibodies where one arm of the antibody has specificity for the target tissue and the other has specificity for the EDV. The antibody brings the EDVs to the target cell surface and then the EDV is brought into the cell by endocytosis. Once in the cell, the contents are released (See MacDiarmid et al (2009) Nature Biotechnology 27(7):643).

The use of RNA or DNA viral based systems for viral mediated delivery of nucleic acids take advantage of highly evolved processes for targeting a virus to specific cells in the body and trafficking the viral payload to the nucleus. Viral vectors can be administered directly to patients (in vivo) or they can be used to treat cells in vitro and the modified cells are administered to patients (ex vivo). Conventional viral based systems for the delivery of nucleic acids include, but are not limited to, retroviral, lentivirus, adenoviral, adeno-associated, vaccinia and herpes simplex virus vectors for gene transfer.

The tropism of a retrovirus can be altered by incorporating foreign envelope proteins, expanding the potential target population of target cells. Lentiviral vectors are retroviral vectors that are able to transduce or infect non-dividing cells and typically produce high viral titers. Selection of a retroviral gene transfer system depends on the target tissue. Retroviral vectors are comprised of cis-acting long terminal repeats with packaging capacity for up to 6-10 kb of foreign sequence. The minimum cis-acting LTRs are sufficient for replication and packaging of the vectors, which are then used to integrate the therapeutic gene into the target cell to provide permanent transgene expression. Widely used retroviral vectors include those based upon murine leukemia virus (MuLV), gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV), Simian Immunodeficiency virus (SIV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and combinations thereof (See, e.g., Buchschacher et al. (1992) J. Virol. 66:2731-2739; Johann et al. (1992) J. Virol. 66:1635-1640; Sommerfelt et al. (1990) Virol. 176:58-59; Wilson et al. (1989) J. Virol. 63:2374-2378; Miller et al. (1991) J. Virol. 65:2220-2224; PCT/US94/05700).

At least six viral vector approaches are currently available for gene transfer in clinical trials, which utilize approaches that involve complementation of defective vectors by genes inserted into helper cell lines to generate the transducing agent.

pLASN and MFG-S are examples of retroviral vectors that have been used in clinical trials (Dunbar et al. (1995) Blood 85:3048-305; Kohn et al.(1995) Nat. Med. 1:1017-102; Malech et al. (1997) PNAS 94:22 12133-12138). PA317/pLASN was the first therapeutic vector used in a gene therapy trial. (Blaese et al. (1995). Transduction efficiencies of 50% or greater have been observed for MFG-S packaged vectors. (Ellem et al. (1997) Immunol Immunother. 44(1):10-20; Dranoff et al. (1997) Hum. Gene Ther. 1:111-2).

Packaging cells are used to form virus particles that are capable of infecting a host cell. Such cells include 293 cells, which package adenovirus, AAV, and Psi-2 cells or PA317 cells, which package retrovirus. Viral vectors used in gene therapy are usually generated by a producer cell line that packages a nucleic acid vector into a viral particle. The vectors typically contain the minimal viral sequences required for packaging and subsequent integration into a host (if applicable), other viral sequences being replaced by an expression cassette encoding the protein to be expressed. The missing viral functions are supplied in trans by the packaging cell line. For example, AAV vectors used in gene therapy typically only possess inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequences from the AAV genome which are required for packaging and integration into the host genome. Viral DNA is packaged in a cell line, which contains a helper plasmid encoding the other AAV genes, namely rep and cap, but lacking ITR sequences. The cell line is also infected with adenovirus as a helper. The helper virus promotes replication of the AAV vector and expression of AAV genes from the helper plasmid. The helper plasmid is not packaged in significant amounts due to a lack of ITR sequences. Contamination with adenovirus can be reduced by, e.g., heat treatment to which adenovirus is more sensitive than AAV. Additionally, AAV can be produced at clinical scale using baculovirus systems (see U.S. Pat. No. 7,479,554).

In many gene therapy applications, it is desirable that the gene therapy vector be delivered with a high degree of specificity to a particular tissue type. Accordingly, a viral vector can be modified to have specificity for a given cell type by expressing a ligand as a fusion protein with a viral coat protein on the outer surface of the virus. The ligand is chosen to have affinity for a receptor known to be present on the cell type of interest. For example, Han et al. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:9747-9751, reported that Moloney murine leukemia virus can be modified to express human heregulin fused to gp70, and the recombinant virus infects certain human breast cancer cells expressing human epidermal growth factor receptor. This principle can be extended to other virus-target cell pairs, in which the target cell expresses a receptor and the virus expresses a fusion protein comprising a ligand for the cell-surface receptor. For example, filamentous phage can be engineered to display antibody fragments (e.g., FAB or Fv) having specific binding affinity for virtually any chosen cellular receptor. Although the above description applies primarily to viral vectors, the same principles can be applied to nonviral vectors. Such vectors can be engineered to contain specific uptake sequences which favor uptake by specific target cells.

Gene therapy vectors can be delivered in vivo by administration to an individual patient, typically by systemic administration (e.g., intravitreal, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, subdermal, or intracranial infusion) or topical application, as described below. Alternatively, vectors can be delivered to cells ex vivo, such as cells explanted from an individual patient (e.g., lymphocytes, bone marrow aspirates, tissue biopsy) or universal donor hematopoietic stem cells, followed by reimplantation of the cells into a patient, usually after selection for cells which have incorporated the vector.

Ex vivo cell transfection for diagnostics, research, or for gene therapy (e.g., via re-infusion of the transfected cells into the host organism) is well known to those of skill in the art. In a preferred embodiment, cells are isolated from the subject organism, transfected with a nucleic acid composition, and re-infused back into the subject organism (e.g., patient). Various cell types suitable for ex vivo transfection are well known to those of skill in the art (See, e.g., Freshney et al. (1994) Culture of Animal Cells, A Manual of Basic Technique, 3rd ed, and the references cited therein for a discussion of how to isolate and culture cells from patients).

Suitable cells include, but are not limited to, eukaryotic cells and/or cell lines. Non-limiting examples of such cells or cell lines generated from such cells include COS, CHO (e.g., CHO-S, CHO-K1, CHO-DG44, CHO-DUXB11, CHO-DUKX, CHOK1SV), VERO, MDCK, WI38, V79, B14AF28-G3, BHK, HaK, NSO, SP2/0-Ag14, HeLa, HEK293 (e.g., HEK293-F, HEK293-H, HEK293-T), perC6 cells, any plant cell (differentiated or undifferentiated), as well as insect cells such as Spodoptera fugiperda (Sf), or fungal cells such as Saccharomyces, Pichia and Schizosaccharomyces. In certain embodiments, the cell line is a CHO-K1, MDCK or HEK293 cell line. Additionally, primary cells may be isolated and used ex vivo for reintroduction into the subject to be treated following treatment with a guided nuclease system (e.g. CRISPR/Cas). Suitable primary cells include peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and other blood cell subsets such as, but not limited to, CD4+ T cells or CD8+ T cells. Suitable cells also include stem cells such as, by way of example, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+), neuronal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells.

In one embodiment, stem cells are used in ex vivo procedures for cell transfection and gene therapy. The advantage to using stem cells is that they can be differentiated into other cell types in vitro, or can be introduced into a mammal (such as the donor of the cells) where they will engraft in the bone marrow. Methods for differentiating CD34+ cells in vitro into clinically important immune cell types using cytokines such a GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha are known (as a non-limiting example see, Inaba et al., J. Exp. Med. 176:1693-1702 (1992)).

Stem cells are isolated for transduction and differentiation using known methods. For example, stem cells are isolated from bone marrow cells by panning the bone marrow cells with antibodies which bind unwanted cells, such as CD4+ and CD8+ (T cells), CD45+ (panB cells), GR-1 (granulocytes), and Tad (differentiated antigen presenting cells) (as a non-limiting example see Inaba et al. (1992) J. Exp. Med. 176:1693-1702). Stem cells that have been modified may also be used in some embodiments.

Any one of the RNA molecule compositions described herein is suitable for genome editing in post-mitotic cells or any cell which is not actively dividing, e.g., arrested cells. Examples of post-mitotic cells which may be edited using a composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to, a photoreceptor cell, a rod photoreceptor cell, a cone photoreceptor cell, a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a glial cell, Müller cell, and a ganglion.

Vectors (e.g., retroviruses, liposomes, etc.) containing therapeutic nucleic acid compositions can also be administered directly to an organism for transduction of cells in vivo. Administration is by any of the routes normally used for introducing a molecule into ultimate contact with blood or tissue cells including, but not limited to, injection, infusion, topical application (e.g., eye drops and cream) and electroporation. Suitable methods of administering such nucleic acids are available and well known to those of skill in the art, and, although more than one route can be used to administer a particular composition, a particular route can often provide a more immediate and more effective reaction than another route. According to some embodiments, the composition is delivered via sub-retinal injection. According to some embodiments, the composition is delivered via intravitreal injection.

Vectors suitable for introduction of transgenes into immune cells (e.g., T-cells) include non-integrating lentivirus vectors. See, e.g., U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009-0117617.

Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are determined in part by the particular composition being administered, as well as by the particular method used to administer the composition. Accordingly, there is a wide variety of suitable formulations of pharmaceutical compositions available, as described below (See, e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th ed., 1989).

In accordance with some embodiments, there is provided an RNA molecule which binds to/associates with and/or directs the RNA guided DNA nuclease to a sequence comprising at least one nucleotide which differs between a mutated allele and a functional allele (e.g., SNP) of a gene of interest (i.e., a sequence of the mutated allele which is not present in the functional allele). The sequence may be within the disease associated mutation. The sequence may be upstream or downstream to the disease associated mutation. Any sequence difference between the mutated allele and the functional allele may be targeted by an RNA molecule of the present invention to inactivate the mutant allele, or otherwise disable its dominant disease-causing effects, while preserving the activity of the functional allele.

The disclosed compositions and methods may also be used in the manufacture of a medicament for treating dominant genetic disorders in a patient.

Examples of RNA Guide Sequences which Specifically Target Mutated Alleles of IMDPH1 Gene

Although a large number of guide sequences can be designed to target a mutated allele, the nucleotide sequences described in Tables 2 identified by SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 below were specifically selected to effectively implement the methods set forth herein and to effectively discriminate between alleles.

Referring to columns 1-4, each of SEQ ID NOs. 1-3010 indicated in column 1 corresponds to an engineered guide sequence. The corresponding SNP details are indicated in column 2. The SNP details indicated in the 2nd column include the assigned identifier for each SNP corresponding to a SNP ID indicated in Table 1. Column 3 indicates whether the target of each guide sequence is the IMDPH1 gene polymorph or wild type (REF) sequence. Column 4 indicates the guanine-cytosine content of each guide sequence.

Table 2 shows guide sequences designed for use as described in the embodiments above to associate with different SNPs within a sequence of a mutated IMDPH1 allele. Each engineered guide molecule is further designed such as to associate with a target genomic DNA sequence of interest that lies next to a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), e.g., a PAM matching the sequence NGG or NAG, where “N” is any nucleobase. The guide sequences were designed to work in conjunction with one or more different CRISPR nucleases, including, but not limited to, e.g. SpCas9WT (PAM SEQ: NGG), SpCas9.VQR.1 (PAM SEQ: NGAN), SpCas9.VQR.2 (PAM SEQ: NGNG), SpCas9.EQR (PAM SEQ: NGAG), SpCas9.VRER (PAM SEQ: NGCG), SaCas9WT (PAM SEQ: NNGRRT), NmCas9WT (PAM SEQ: NNNNGATT), Cpf1 (PAM SEQ: TTTV), or JeCas9WT (PAM SEQ: NNNVRYM). RNA molecules of the present invention are each designed to form complexes in conjunction with one or more different CRISPR nucleases and designed to target polynucleotide sequences of interest utilizing one or more different PAM sequences respective to the CRISPR nuclease utilized

TABLE 2 Guide sequences designed to associate with specific SNPs of the IMPDH1 gene SEQ ID NO: SNP ID (Table 1) Target (SNP/REF) % GC 1 s1 REF 60% 2 s1 SNP 55% 3 s1 REF 60% 4 s1 REF 60% 5 s1 SNP 55% 6 s1 REF 65% 7 s1 SNP 60% 8 s1 SNP 55% 9 s1 REF 60% 10 s1 SNP 60% 11 s1 REF 65% 12 s1 SNP 50% 13 s1 REF 55% 14 s1 REF 65% 15 s1 SNP 60% 16 s1 REF 75% 17 s1 SNP 70% 18 s1 REF 70% 19 s1 SNP 65% 20 s1 SNP 55% 21 s1 REF 70% 22 s1 SNP 65% 23 s1 SNP 60% 24 s1 REF 65% 25 s1 SNP 50% 26 s1 REF 55% 27 s2 SNP 55% 28 s2 REF 60% 29 s2 REF 60% 30 s2 SNP 55% 31 s2 REF 60% 32 s2 SNP 55% 33 s2 REF 65% 34 s2 SNP 60% 35 s2 REF 60% 36 s2 SNP 55% 37 s2 REF 65% 38 s2 SNP 60% 39 s2 SNP 60% 40 s2 REF 65% 41 s2 REF 60% 42 s2 SNP 55% 43 s2 REF 65% 44 s2 SNP 60% 45 s2 SNP 55% 46 s2 REF 60% 47 s3 SNP 35% 48 s4 SNP 40% 49 s4 SNP 35% 50 s4 SNP 40% 51 s4 SNP 45% 52 s4 SNP 30% 53 s4 SNP 35% 54 s5 SNP 35% 55 s5 REF 40% 56 s5 SNP 55% 57 s5 REF 60% 58 s6 SNP 75% 59 s6 REF 80% 60 s6 REF 80% 61 s6 SNP 75% 62 s6 SNP 75% 63 s6 REF 80% 64 s6 REF 80% 65 s6 REF 80% 66 s6 SNP 75% 67 s6 SNP 80% 68 s6 REF 75% 69 s6 REF 80% 70 s6 SNP 75% 71 s5 SNP 35% 72 s5 REF 40% 73 s7 SNP 65% 74 s7 REF 70% 75 s7 REF 65% 76 s7 SNP 60% 77 s7 REF 65% 78 s7 SNP 60% 79 s7 SNP 65% 80 s7 REF 70% 81 s7 REF 65% 82 s7 SNP 60% 83 s7 REF 70% 84 s7 SNP 65% 85 s7 SNP 60% 86 s7 REF 70% 87 s7 SNP 65% 88 s7 SNP 70% 89 s7 REF 75% 90 s7 REF 70% 91 s7 SNP 65% 92 s7 REF 70% 93 s7 SNP 65% 94 s8 REF 50% 95 s8 SNP 50% 96 s8 SNP 45% 97 s8 REF 45% 98 s8 REF 50% 99 s8 SNP 50% 100 s8 REF 50% 101 s8 SNP 55% 102 s8 REF 55% 103 s9 SNP 35% 104 s9 REF 40% 105 s9 SNP 40% 106 s9 REF 45% 107 s9 SNP 45% 108 s9 REF 50% 109 s9 SNP 45% 110 s9 REF 50% 111 s9 SNP 45% 112 s9 REF 50% 113 s9 REF 40% 114 s9 SNP 50% 115 s9 REF 55% 116 s9 REF 60% 117 s9 REF 60% 118 s9 SNP 55% 119 s9 REF 50% 120 s9 SNP 45% 121 s9 REF 45% 122 s9 SNP 40% 123 s9 SNP 45% 124 s9 REF 50% 125 s10 REF 70% 126 s10 SNP 65% 127 s10 REF 55% 128 s10 SNP 50% 129 s10 REF 60% 130 s10 SNP 55% 131 s10 REF 65% 132 s10 SNP 60% 133 s10 REF 70% 134 s10 SNP 65% 135 s10 REF 65% 136 s10 REF 65% 137 s10 SNP 60% 138 s10 REF 70% 139 s10 SNP 65% 140 s10 REF 60% 141 s10 SNP 55% 142 s11 REF 55% 143 s11 SNP 60% 144 s11 REF 65% 145 s11 SNP 70% 146 s11 SNP 65% 147 s11 REF 60% 148 s11 REF 60% 149 s11 SNP 65% 150 s11 REF 60% 151 s11 SNP 65% 152 s11 REF 60% 153 s12 SNP 50% 154 s12 SNP 50% 155 s12 SNP 65% 156 s12 REF 70% 157 s12 SNP 50% 158 s12 SNP 50% 159 s13 REF 45% 160 s13 REF 45% 161 s13 REF 50% 162 s15 SNP 35% 163 s15 REF 40% 164 s15 REF 30% 165 s15 REF 35% 166 s15 SNP 30% 167 s15 REF 35% 168 s15 REF 30% 169 s17 SNP 35% 170 s17 REF 30% 171 s17 SNP 40% 172 s17 REF 35% 173 s17 SNP 50% 174 s17 REF 45% 175 s17 REF 30% 176 s17 SNP 35% 177 s17 REF 30% 178 s17 SNP 35% 179 s17 REF 35% 180 s17 SNP 40% 181 s17 REF 30% 182 s17 SNP 35% 183 s17 SNP 35% 184 s17 REF 30% 185 s17 REF 30% 186 s17 REF 30% 187 s18 SNP 40% 188 s18 REF 35% 189 s18 REF 35% 190 s18 SNP 40% 191 s18 SNP 35% 192 s18 REF 30% 193 s18 REF 30% 194 s18 SNP 35% 195 s18 REF 30% 196 s18 SNP 35% 197 s18 SNP 35% 198 s18 SNP 35% 199 s18 REF 30% 200 s19 REF 45% 201 s19 SNP 50% 202 s19 REF 45% 203 s19 SNP 50% 204 s19 REF 50% 205 s19 SNP 55% 206 s19 REF 50% 207 s19 REF 50% 208 s19 SNP 55% 209 s19 SNP 50% 210 s19 REF 45% 211 s19 REF 60% 212 s19 SNP 65% 213 s19 SNP 55% 214 s19 REF 55% 215 s19 SNP 60% 216 s19 REF 50% 217 s19 SNP 55% 218 s19 SNP 55% 219 s19 REF 50% 220 s21 SNP 40% 221 s21 REF 35% 222 s21 SNP 40% 223 s22 SNP 50% 224 s22 REF 30% 225 s22 REF 45% 226 s22 SNP 50% 227 s22 REF 45% 228 s22 REF 45% 229 s22 SNP 50% 230 s23 SNP 70% 231 s23 REF 70% 232 s23 SNP 75% 233 s23 SNP 75% 234 s23 REF 70% 235 s23 REF 65% 236 s23 SNP 70% 237 s23 REF 65% 238 s23 SNP 70% 239 s23 REF 70% 240 s23 SNP 75% 241 s23 REF 65% 242 s23 REF 60% 243 s23 SNP 65% 244 s23 SNP 70% 245 s23 SNP 65% 246 s23 REF 60% 247 s24 SNP 65% 248 s24 SNP 55% 249 s24 REF 55% 250 s25 REF 75% 251 s25 REF 75% 252 s25 SNP 80% 253 s25 SNP 80% 254 s25 REF 75% 255 s25 REF 80% 256 s25 SNP 80% 257 s25 SNP 80% 258 s25 REF 75% 259 s25 SNP 80% 260 s25 REF 75% 261 s25 REF 75% 262 s25 SNP 80% 263 s25 SNP 80% 264 s25 REF 75% 265 s25 REF 75% 266 s25 SNP 80% 267 s25 REF 75% 268 s25 SNP 80% 269 s25 SNP 80% 270 s25 REF 75% 271 s25 REF 80% 272 s24 REF 60% 273 s24 SNP 60% 274 s24 REF 60% 275 s24 REF 60% 276 s24 REF 60% 277 s24 REF 65% 278 s24 SNP 65% 279 s24 REF 65% 280 s24 SNP 55% 281 s24 SNP 70% 282 s24 REF 60% 283 s26 SNP 45% 284 s26 SNP 55% 285 s26 SNP 45% 286 s26 SNP 50% 287 s26 SNP 50% 288 s26 SNP 50% 289 s26 SNP 55% 290 s26 SNP 45% 291 s26 SNP 55% 292 s27 REF 65% 293 s27 REF 60% 294 s28 REF 60% 295 s28 SNP 55% 296 s28 REF 70% 297 s28 SNP 65% 298 s28 REF 55% 299 s28 SNP 50% 300 s28 SNP 60% 301 s28 REF 65% 302 s28 REF 50% 303 s28 SNP 45% 304 s28 REF 50% 305 s28 SNP 45% 306 s29 REF 65% 307 s29 SNP 60% 308 s29 REF 55% 309 s29 SNP 50% 310 s29 REF 55% 311 s29 SNP 50% 312 s29 REF 60% 313 s29 SNP 55% 314 s29 REF 55% 315 s29 SNP 50% 316 s29 REF 55% 317 s29 SNP 50% 318 s29 SNP 55% 319 s29 REF 60% 320 s29 SNP 50% 321 s29 REF 55% 322 s29 REF 60% 323 s29 SNP 55% 324 s29 REF 55% 325 s29 SNP 50% 326 s29 REF 60% 327 s29 SNP 55% 328 s29 SNP 65% 329 s29 REF 70% 330 s29 SNP 65% 331 s29 REF 70% 332 s29 REF 60% 333 s29 SNP 55% 334 s30 REF 65% 335 s30 SNP 60% 336 s30 REF 65% 337 s30 SNP 60% 338 s30 REF 65% 339 s30 REF 65% 340 s30 SNP 60% 341 s30 REF 65% 342 s30 REF 60% 343 s30 SNP 55% 344 s30 REF 60% 345 s30 REF 70% 346 s30 SNP 55% 347 s31 SNP 35% 348 s31 SNP 35% 349 s31 SNP 35% 350 s31 SNP 30% 351 s31 SNP 30% 352 s31 SNP 45% 353 s31 SNP 35% 354 s31 SNP 35% 355 s31 SNP 30% 356 s31 SNP 35% 357 s31 SNP 30% 358 s31 SNP 35% 359 s31 REF 40% 360 s32 SNP 60% 361 s32 REF 65% 362 s32 SNP 55% 363 s32 REF 60% 364 s32 REF 65% 365 s32 SNP 60% 366 s32 SNP 60% 367 s32 REF 65% 368 s32 SNP 55% 369 s32 REF 60% 370 s32 REF 70% 371 s32 SNP 65% 372 s32 SNP 50% 373 s32 REF 55% 374 s32 SNP 55% 375 s32 REF 60% 376 s32 REF 65% 377 s32 SNP 60% 378 s33 REF 70% 379 s33 SNP 65% 380 s33 REF 70% 381 s33 SNP 65% 382 s33 REF 70% 383 s33 REF 70% 384 s33 SNP 65% 385 s33 REF 75% 386 s33 REF 70% 387 s33 SNP 65% 388 s33 SNP 70% 389 s33 REF 75% 390 s33 REF 75% 391 s33 REF 70% 392 s33 SNP 65% 393 s33 REF 70% 394 s33 REF 75% 395 s33 SNP 70% 396 s33 REF 75% 397 s33 REF 75% 398 s33 SNP 70% 399 s33 SNP 70% 400 s33 SNP 70% 401 s33 REF 70% 402 s33 SNP 65% 403 s34 SNP 30% 404 s34 REF 35% 405 s34 SNP 35% 406 s34 REF 40% 407 s34 REF 50% 408 s34 SNP 45% 409 s34 SNP 40% 410 s34 REF 45% 411 s34 REF 50% 412 s34 SNP 45% 413 s34 SNP 35% 414 s34 REF 40% 415 s34 SNP 45% 416 s34 REF 50% 417 s34 SNP 45% 418 s34 SNP 45% 419 s34 REF 50% 420 s36 REF 55% 421 s36 SNP 60% 422 s36 SNP 40% 423 s36 SNP 45% 424 s36 REF 40% 425 s36 SNP 55% 426 s36 REF 50% 427 s36 REF 50% 428 s36 SNP 55% 429 s36 SNP 45% 430 s36 REF 55% 431 s36 REF 45% 432 s36 REF 60% 433 s36 SNP 65% 434 s36 SNP 60% 435 s36 REF 55% 436 s36 SNP 50% 437 s36 SNP 60% 438 s36 REF 55% 439 s36 REF 55% 440 s36 SNP 60% 441 s37 SNP 75% 442 s37 SNP 75% 443 s37 SNP 70% 444 s37 SNP 75% 445 s37 SNP 75% 446 s37 REF 75% 447 s37 SNP 80% 448 s37 SNP 75% 449 s37 REF 75% 450 s37 SNP 80% 451 s37 SNP 75% 452 s37 SNP 75% 453 s37 SNP 70% 454 s37 SNP 70% 455 s37 SNP 70% 456 s38 SNP 60% 457 s38 REF 60% 458 s38 REF 45% 459 s38 REF 45% 460 s38 SNP 45% 461 s38 SNP 45% 462 s38 REF 45% 463 s38 SNP 60% 464 s38 REF 60% 465 s38 SNP 50% 466 s38 REF 50% 467 s38 REF 60% 468 s38 SNP 60% 469 s38 REF 55% 470 s38 SNP 55% 471 s38 REF 50% 472 s38 SNP 60% 473 s38 REF 60% 474 s38 SNP 65% 475 s38 SNP 50% 476 s38 REF 45% 477 s38 SNP 45% 478 s38 SNP 55% 479 s38 REF 55% 480 s39 SNP 75% 481 s39 REF 80% 482 s39 SNP 75% 483 s39 REF 75% 484 s39 REF 80% 485 s39 SNP 70% 486 s39 REF 75% 487 s39 REF 75% 488 s39 SNP 70% 489 s39 REF 70% 490 s39 SNP 65% 491 s39 SNP 70% 492 s39 REF 75% 493 s39 SNP 75% 494 s39 REF 80% 495 s39 REF 70% 496 s39 SNP 70% 497 s39 REF 80% 498 s39 SNP 65% 499 s39 SNP 70% 500 s39 REF 75% 501 s39 SNP 75% 502 s39 REF 75% 503 s39 SNP 70% 504 s39 REF 80% 505 s39 SNP 65% 506 s39 REF 70% 507 s39 SNP 70% 508 s39 REF 75% 509 s39 REF 70% 510 s39 SNP 65% 511 s39 SNP 70% 512 s39 REF 75% 513 s39 SNP 70% 514 s39 REF 75% 515 s40 SNP 75% 516 s40 REF 70% 517 s40 REF 70% 518 s40 SNP 75% 519 s40 SNP 75% 520 s40 REF 70% 521 s40 SNP 75% 522 s40 REF 70% 523 s40 REF 70% 524 s40 SNP 75% 525 s40 REF 70% 526 s40 SNP 75% 527 s40 REF 70% 528 s40 SNP 75% 529 s40 SNP 75% 530 s40 REF 70% 531 s40 REF 70% 532 s40 SNP 70% 533 s40 REF 65% 534 s40 SNP 70% 535 s40 REF 65% 536 s40 SNP 65% 537 s40 REF 60% 538 s40 SNP 70% 539 s40 REF 65% 540 s40 REF 65% 541 s40 SNP 70% 542 s41 SNP 35% 543 s42 REF 50% 544 s42 SNP 55% 545 s42 SNP 30% 546 s42 REF 40% 547 s42 SNP 45% 548 s42 REF 45% 549 s42 SNP 50% 550 s42 REF 45% 551 s42 SNP 50% 552 s42 SNP 50% 553 s42 REF 45% 554 s42 SNP 50% 555 s42 REF 45% 556 s42 SNP 50% 557 s42 REF 45% 558 s43 REF 55% 559 s43 SNP 60% 560 s43 REF 55% 561 s43 REF 65% 562 s43 SNP 70% 563 s43 REF 50% 564 s43 SNP 55% 565 s43 SNP 60% 566 s43 SNP 60% 567 s43 REF 55% 568 s43 SNP 60% 569 s43 REF 55% 570 s43 REF 60% 571 s43 SNP 65% 572 s43 SNP 55% 573 s43 REF 50% 574 s43 REF 55% 575 s43 SNP 60% 576 s43 SNP 70% 577 s43 REF 65% 578 s44 SNP 45% 579 s44 REF 55% 580 s44 SNP 60% 581 s44 REF 50% 582 s44 SNP 55% 583 s44 REF 60% 584 s44 REF 60% 585 s44 REF 60% 586 s44 REF 55% 587 s44 REF 60% 588 s44 REF 60% 589 s44 REF 55% 590 s45 SNP 65% 591 s45 REF 75% 592 s45 REF 75% 593 s45 REF 75% 594 s45 SNP 70% 595 s45 REF 80% 596 s45 REF 75% 597 s45 SNP 75% 598 s45 REF 75% 599 s45 SNP 70% 600 s45 REF 75% 601 s45 SNP 70% 602 s45 REF 80% 603 s45 SNP 75% 604 s45 REF 75% 605 s45 REF 70% 606 s45 REF 75% 607 s45 SNP 70% 608 s45 REF 70% 609 s45 SNP 65% 610 s45 REF 75% 611 s46 REF 60% 612 s46 SNP 55% 613 s46 SNP 60% 614 s46 REF 65% 615 s46 REF 70% 616 s46 SNP 65% 617 s46 SNP 65% 618 s46 REF 70% 619 s46 SNP 70% 620 s46 REF 75% 621 s46 REF 75% 622 s46 SNP 70% 623 s46 REF 70% 624 s46 SNP 65% 625 s46 REF 70% 626 s46 SNP 65% 627 s46 REF 70% 628 s46 SNP 65% 629 s46 REF 70% 630 s46 SNP 65% 631 s47 REF 65% 632 s47 SNP 70% 633 s47 REF 70% 634 s47 SNP 60% 635 s47 REF 55% 636 s47 REF 75% 637 s47 REF 75% 638 s47 SNP 60% 639 s47 REF 55% 640 s47 REF 75% 641 s47 SNP 80% 642 s47 SNP 80% 643 s47 REF 75% 644 s47 SNP 65% 645 s47 REF 60% 646 s47 SNP 80% 647 s47 REF 75% 648 s47 SNP 80% 649 s47 REF 65% 650 s47 SNP 70% 651 s47 REF 60% 652 s47 SNP 65% 653 s47 SNP 80% 654 s47 REF 75% 655 s47 SNP 80% 656 s47 REF 60% 657 s48 REF 55% 658 s48 SNP 55% 659 s48 REF 55% 660 s49 REF 60% 661 s49 REF 60% 662 s49 REF 70% 663 s49 REF 70% 664 s49 REF 65% 665 s50 REF 60% 666 s50 SNP 55% 667 s50 REF 60% 668 s50 SNP 55% 669 s50 SNP 50% 670 s50 REF 55% 671 s48 SNP 55% 672 s48 SNP 55% 673 s48 REF 55% 674 s48 SNP 50% 675 s48 REF 50% 676 s48 SNP 45% 677 s48 REF 45% 678 s48 REF 70% 679 s48 SNP 45% 680 s48 REF 45% 681 s51 SNP 60% 682 s51 REF 55% 683 s51 SNP 55% 684 s51 REF 50% 685 s51 REF 55% 686 s51 SNP 60% 687 s51 SNP 55% 688 s1 REF 55% 689 s1 SNP 50% 690 s1 SNP 75% 691 s1 SNP 65% 692 s1 REF 70% 693 s1 SNP 65% 694 s1 REF 70% 695 s1 REF 60% 696 s1 REF 65% 697 s1 SNP 60% 698 s1 SNP 60% 699 s1 REF 65% 700 s1 REF 70% 701 s1 SNP 65% 702 s1 SNP 55% 703 s1 REF 60% 704 s1 SNP 55% 705 s1 SNP 65% 706 s1 REF 70% 707 s1 REF 55% 708 s1 REF 70% 709 s1 SNP 65% 710 s1 SNP 55% 711 s1 REF 60% 712 s1 REF 60% 713 s1 SNP 55% 714 s1 REF 80% 715 s1 REF 60% 716 s1 REF 75% 717 s1 SNP 70% 718 s1 SNP 55% 719 s1 REF 80% 720 s1 SNP 75% 721 s1 SNP 70% 722 s1 REF 75% 723 s1 SNP 50% 724 s1 REF 55% 725 s1 SNP 70% 726 s1 SNP 65% 727 s1 REF 70% 728 s1 REF 55% 729 s1 SNP 55% 730 s1 REF 60% 731 s1 SNP 55% 732 s1 REF 60% 733 s1 SNP 50% 734 s1 REF 75% 735 s1 SNP 50% 736 s1 REF 55% 737 s2 REF 65% 738 s2 REF 60% 739 s2 REF 60% 740 s2 SNP 55% 741 s2 SNP 55% 742 s2 REF 60% 743 s2 SNP 60% 744 s2 REF 65% 745 s2 SNP 55% 746 s2 SNP 55% 747 s2 SNP 55% 748 s2 REF 60% 749 s2 REF 60% 750 s2 SNP 55% 751 s2 SNP 60% 752 s2 REF 65% 753 s2 SNP 60% 754 s2 REF 65% 755 s2 SNP 60% 756 s2 REF 65% 757 s2 REF 65% 758 s2 SNP 55% 759 s2 REF 60% 760 s2 SNP 55% 761 s2 REF 60% 762 s2 SNP 55% 763 s2 REF 60% 764 s2 REF 65% 765 s2 SNP 60% 766 s2 REF 65% 767 s2 SNP 60% 768 s2 REF 60% 769 s2 SNP 60% 770 s2 REF 65% 771 s2 SNP 55% 772 s2 SNP 60% 773 s2 REF 65% 774 s2 SNP 60% 775 s2 SNP 60% 776 s2 REF 65% 777 s2 REF 65% 778 s2 SNP 60% 779 s2 REF 65% 780 s2 SNP 60% 781 s2 SNP 60% 782 s2 REF 65% 783 s2 REF 65% 784 s2 REF 60% 785 s2 REF 60% 786 s2 SNP 60% 787 s2 REF 65% 788 s2 SNP 60% 789 s2 SNP 55% 790 s2 REF 60% 791 s2 REF 60% 792 s2 SNP 55% 793 s2 REF 60% 794 s2 SNP 55% 795 s3 SNP 45% 796 s3 SNP 50% 797 s3 SNP 30% 798 s3 SNP 50% 799 s3 SNP 35% 800 s3 SNP 45% 801 s3 SNP 30% 802 s3 SNP 55% 803 s3 SNP 40% 804 s3 SNP 35% 805 s3 SNP 40% 806 s4 SNP 55% 807 s4 SNP 30% 808 s4 SNP 55% 809 s4 SNP 60% 810 s4 SNP 35% 811 s4 SNP 60% 812 s4 SNP 40% 813 s4 SNP 60% 814 s4 SNP 35% 815 s4 SNP 35% 816 s4 SNP 35% 817 s4 SNP 45% 818 s4 SNP 55% 819 s4 SNP 35% 820 s4 SNP 50% 821 s4 SNP 30% 822 s4 SNP 50% 823 s4 SNP 55% 824 s4 SNP 40% 825 s4 SNP 60% 826 s4 SNP 60% 827 s4 SNP 30% 828 s4 SNP 65% 829 s4 SNP 35% 830 s4 SNP 50% 831 s4 SNP 30% 832 s4 SNP 45% 833 s4 SNP 30% 834 s4 SNP 50% 835 s4 SNP 60% 836 s4 SNP 50% 837 s4 SNP 45% 838 s5 SNP 40% 839 s5 REF 45% 840 s5 SNP 30% 841 s5 REF 35% 842 s5 SNP 55% 843 s5 REF 60% 844 s5 SNP 40% 845 s5 REF 45% 846 s5 REF 40% 847 s5 SNP 35% 848 s5 REF 40% 849 s5 REF 60% 850 s5 SNP 55% 851 s5 SNP 55% 852 s5 SNP 35% 853 s5 REF 40% 854 s5 REF 60% 855 s5 SNP 55% 856 s5 REF 60% 857 s5 REF 40% 858 s5 SNP 35% 859 s5 SNP 55% 860 s5 SNP 35% 861 s5 SNP 45% 862 s5 REF 50% 863 s5 REF 40% 864 s5 SNP 35% 865 s5 REF 45% 866 s5 SNP 40% 867 s5 REF 40% 868 s5 SNP 40% 869 s5 REF 45% 870 s6 REF 80% 871 s6 REF 80% 872 s6 SNP 75% 873 s6 REF 80% 874 s6 REF 80% 875 s6 REF 80% 876 s6 SNP 75% 877 s6 SNP 75% 878 s6 SNP 75% 879 s6 REF 80% 880 s6 SNP 80% 881 s6 REF 80% 882 s6 REF 80% 883 s6 SNP 75% 884 s6 SNP 80% 885 s6 SNP 80% 886 s6 REF 80% 887 s6 REF 80% 888 s6 SNP 75% 889 s6 SNP 75% 890 s6 REF 80% 891 s6 SNP 75% 892 s5 SNP 55% 893 s5 REF 60% 894 s5 REF 40% 895 s5 SNP 35% 896 s5 REF 40% 897 s5 REF 60% 898 s5 SNP 55% 899 s5 REF 65% 900 s5 SNP 60% 901 s5 SNP 55% 902 s5 REF 45% 903 s5 SNP 40% 904 s5 SNP 35% 905 s5 REF 40% 906 s5 SNP 60% 907 s5 REF 65% 908 s5 REF 60% 909 s5 SNP 55% 910 s5 REF 60% 911 s5 REF 55% 912 s5 SNP 50% 913 s5 REF 60% 914 s5 REF 40% 915 s5 SNP 35% 916 s5 REF 50% 917 s5 SNP 45% 918 s5 REF 60% 919 s5 SNP 55% 920 s5 SNP 55% 921 s5 REF 60% 922 s5 SNP 35% 923 s5 REF 35% 924 s5 REF 60% 925 s5 SNP 55% 926 s5 REF 45% 927 s5 SNP 40% 928 s5 SNP 50% 929 s5 REF 55% 930 s5 REF 60% 931 s5 SNP 55% 932 s7 SNP 60% 933 s7 REF 65% 934 s7 SNP 65% 935 s7 REF 70% 936 s7 REF 70% 937 s7 SNP 65% 938 s7 SNP 65% 939 s7 REF 70% 940 s7 REF 65% 941 s7 SNP 60% 942 s7 SNP 65% 943 s7 REF 70% 944 s7 REF 65% 945 s7 SNP 65% 946 s7 REF 70% 947 s7 REF 65% 948 s7 SNP 65% 949 s7 SNP 65% 950 s7 REF 70% 951 s7 SNP 65% 952 s7 REF 70% 953 s7 REF 75% 954 s7 SNP 70% 955 s7 REF 70% 956 s7 SNP 65% 957 s7 REF 75% 958 s7 SNP 70% 959 s7 REF 70% 960 s7 SNP 70% 961 s7 REF 75% 962 s7 REF 70% 963 s7 SNP 65% 964 s7 SNP 65% 965 s7 REF 70% 966 s7 REF 75% 967 s7 SNP 70% 968 s7 REF 70% 969 s7 REF 70% 970 s7 SNP 70% 971 s7 REF 75% 972 s7 SNP 65% 973 s7 SNP 65% 974 s7 REF 70% 975 s7 REF 70% 976 s7 SNP 65% 977 s7 REF 70% 978 s7 REF 70% 979 s7 SNP 65% 980 s7 SNP 65% 981 s8 SNP 65% 982 s8 REF 65% 983 s8 REF 65% 984 s8 SNP 65% 985 s8 REF 55% 986 s8 SNP 55% 987 s8 SNP 70% 988 s8 REF 70% 989 s8 REF 70% 990 s8 SNP 70% 991 s8 REF 70% 992 s8 SNP 70% 993 s8 REF 55% 994 s8 SNP 55% 995 s8 REF 55% 996 s8 SNP 55% 997 s8 REF 70% 998 s8 SNP 70% 999 s8 REF 65% 1000 s8 SNP 50% 1001 s8 SNP 70% 1002 s8 REF 70% 1003 s8 REF 50% 1004 s8 SNP 50% 1005 s8 SNP 55% 1006 s8 REF 55% 1007 s8 SNP 65% 1008 s8 REF 70% 1009 s8 SNP 70% 1010 s8 REF 70% 1011 s8 SNP 50% 1012 s8 REF 50% 1013 s8 SNP 60% 1014 s8 REF 60% 1015 s8 SNP 50% 1016 s8 REF 50% 1017 s8 SNP 70% 1018 s8 REF 70% 1019 s8 SNP 70% 1020 s8 REF 50% 1021 s8 SNP 65% 1022 s8 REF 65% 1023 s8 SNP 70% 1024 s8 REF 70% 1025 s8 REF 50% 1026 s8 SNP 50% 1027 s8 SNP 70% 1028 s8 REF 70% 1029 s8 REF 50% 1030 s8 SNP 50% 1031 s8 REF 50% 1032 s8 SNP 70% 1033 s8 REF 70% 1034 s8 REF 60% 1035 s8 SNP 60% 1036 s8 REF 50% 1037 s8 SNP 50% 1038 s8 REF 45% 1039 s8 SNP 45% 1040 s8 REF 45% 1041 s8 SNP 45% 1042 s8 SNP 45% 1043 s8 REF 45% 1044 s8 SNP 55% 1045 s8 REF 55% 1046 s8 SNP 70% 1047 s8 REF 70% 1048 s8 SNP 50% 1049 s8 REF 50% 1050 s9 SNP 35% 1051 s9 REF 40% 1052 s9 SNP 40% 1053 s9 REF 45% 1054 s9 REF 45% 1055 s9 SNP 40% 1056 s9 SNP 40% 1057 s9 REF 45% 1058 s9 REF 45% 1059 s9 SNP 40% 1060 s9 REF 40% 1061 s9 REF 45% 1062 s9 REF 40% 1063 s9 SNP 35% 1064 s9 REF 50% 1065 s9 SNP 45% 1066 s9 SNP 45% 1067 s9 REF 50% 1068 s9 REF 50% 1069 s9 SNP 45% 1070 s9 SNP 45% 1071 s9 REF 50% 1072 s9 REF 45% 1073 s9 SNP 40% 1074 s9 REF 45% 1075 s9 REF 60% 1076 s9 SNP 55% 1077 s9 REF 55% 1078 s9 SNP 50% 1079 s9 REF 55% 1080 s9 SNP 50% 1081 s9 REF 50% 1082 s9 SNP 45% 1083 s9 REF 50% 1084 s9 SNP 45% 1085 s9 SNP 35% 1086 s9 REF 40% 1087 s9 REF 45% 1088 s9 SNP 45% 1089 s9 REF 50% 1090 s9 REF 50% 1091 s9 SNP 45% 1092 s9 SNP 40% 1093 s9 REF 45% 1094 s9 REF 45% 1095 s9 SNP 40% 1096 s9 SNP 40% 1097 s9 REF 50% 1098 s9 SNP 45% 1099 s9 REF 55% 1100 s10 REF 60% 1101 s10 SNP 55% 1102 s10 SNP 65% 1103 s10 REF 70% 1104 s10 REF 55% 1105 s10 SNP 50% 1106 s10 REF 65% 1107 s10 SNP 60% 1108 s10 SNP 55% 1109 s10 REF 60% 1110 s10 SNP 65% 1111 s10 REF 70% 1112 s10 REF 60% 1113 s10 SNP 55% 1114 s10 REF 70% 1115 s10 SNP 65% 1116 s10 SNP 60% 1117 s10 REF 65% 1118 s10 REF 65% 1119 s10 SNP 65% 1120 s10 REF 70% 1121 s10 SNP 60% 1122 s10 REF 65% 1123 s10 SNP 65% 1124 s10 REF 70% 1125 s10 SNP 60% 1126 s10 REF 65% 1127 s10 SNP 55% 1128 s10 REF 60% 1129 s10 REF 60% 1130 s10 SNP 55% 1131 s10 REF 60% 1132 s10 SNP 55% 1133 s10 SNP 65% 1134 s10 REF 70% 1135 s10 REF 70% 1136 s10 SNP 65% 1137 s10 REF 70% 1138 s10 SNP 65% 1139 s10 SNP 65% 1140 s10 REF 70% 1141 s10 REF 70% 1142 s10 SNP 65% 1143 s10 SNP 55% 1144 s10 REF 60% 1145 s10 SNP 60% 1146 s10 SNP 55% 1147 s10 REF 60% 1148 s10 SNP 55% 1149 s10 REF 60% 1150 s10 SNP 60% 1151 s10 SNP 60% 1152 s10 SNP 60% 1153 s10 REF 65% 1154 s10 SNP 50% 1155 s10 REF 55% 1156 s10 REF 65% 1157 s10 SNP 50% 1158 s10 REF 55% 1159 s10 SNP 55% 1160 s10 REF 60% 1161 s11 SNP 60% 1162 s11 REF 55% 1163 s11 SNP 60% 1164 s11 REF 55% 1165 s11 SNP 60% 1166 s11 REF 55% 1167 s11 REF 60% 1168 s11 SNP 65% 1169 s11 SNP 70% 1170 s11 SNP 65% 1171 s11 REF 60% 1172 s11 SNP 65% 1173 s11 REF 60% 1174 s11 REF 65% 1175 s11 SNP 70% 1176 s11 REF 55% 1177 s11 SNP 60% 1178 s11 SNP 65% 1179 s11 REF 60% 1180 s11 REF 55% 1181 s11 SNP 65% 1182 s11 SNP 65% 1183 s11 REF 60% 1184 s11 SNP 65% 1185 s11 REF 60% 1186 s11 REF 60% 1187 s11 SNP 65% 1188 s11 SNP 65% 1189 s11 REF 60% 1190 s11 REF 60% 1191 s11 SNP 65% 1192 s11 SNP 65% 1193 s11 REF 60% 1194 s11 SNP 65% 1195 s11 REF 60% 1196 s11 SNP 65% 1197 s11 REF 60% 1198 s11 SNP 65% 1199 s11 REF 60% 1200 s11 REF 65% 1201 s11 SNP 70% 1202 s11 SNP 70% 1203 s11 REF 60% 1204 s11 REF 60% 1205 s11 SNP 65% 1206 s11 REF 65% 1207 s11 REF 60% 1208 s11 SNP 65% 1209 s11 REF 55% 1210 s11 SNP 60% 1211 s11 SNP 65% 1212 s11 REF 65% 1213 s11 REF 55% 1214 s11 SNP 60% 1215 s11 REF 60% 1216 s11 SNP 65% 1217 s11 SNP 70% 1218 s11 REF 65% 1219 s11 SNP 65% 1220 s11 REF 60% 1221 s11 REF 60% 1222 s11 SNP 65% 1223 s11 REF 60% 1224 s12 SNP 30% 1225 s12 SNP 35% 1226 s12 SNP 65% 1227 s12 REF 70% 1228 s12 SNP 40% 1229 s12 SNP 55% 1230 s12 SNP 70% 1231 s12 SNP 70% 1232 s12 REF 75% 1233 s12 SNP 40% 1234 s12 SNP 60% 1235 s12 REF 65% 1236 s12 SNP 55% 1237 s12 SNP 60% 1238 s12 REF 65% 1239 s12 SNP 60% 1240 s12 SNP 60% 1241 s12 REF 75% 1242 s12 REF 75% 1243 s12 SNP 70% 1244 s12 REF 75% 1245 s12 SNP 70% 1246 s12 SNP 30% 1247 s12 SNP 70% 1248 s12 SNP 65% 1249 s12 REF 75% 1250 s12 REF 75% 1251 s12 SNP 70% 1252 s12 SNP 35% 1253 s12 REF 75% 1254 s12 SNP 40% 1255 s12 SNP 50% 1256 s12 SNP 50% 1257 s12 SNP 45% 1258 s12 SNP 40% 1259 s12 SNP 40% 1260 s12 REF 75% 1261 s12 SNP 70% 1262 s12 SNP 45% 1263 s12 SNP 65% 1264 s12 SNP 40% 1265 s12 SNP 40% 1266 s12 SNP 40% 1267 s13 REF 55% 1268 s13 REF 60% 1269 s13 REF 55% 1270 s13 REF 50% 1271 s13 REF 50% 1272 s13 REF 45% 1273 s14 REF 60% 1274 s14 SNP 60% 1275 s14 SNP 65% 1276 s14 REF 65% 1277 s14 REF 60% 1278 s14 SNP 60% 1279 s14 SNP 60% 1280 s14 REF 60% 1281 s14 SNP 65% 1282 s14 REF 65% 1283 s14 REF 60% 1284 s14 SNP 60% 1285 s14 REF 60% 1286 s14 SNP 60% 1287 s14 SNP 55% 1288 s14 REF 55% 1289 s14 SNP 65% 1290 s14 REF 65% 1291 s14 REF 65% 1292 s14 SNP 65% 1293 s14 SNP 65% 1294 s14 REF 65% 1295 s14 REF 60% 1296 s14 SNP 60% 1297 s14 REF 55% 1298 s14 SNP 70% 1299 s14 REF 70% 1300 s14 REF 60% 1301 s14 REF 65% 1302 s14 SNP 65% 1303 s14 SNP 60% 1304 s14 REF 60% 1305 s14 SNP 60% 1306 s14 REF 70% 1307 s14 SNP 70% 1308 s14 SNP 60% 1309 s14 SNP 60% 1310 s14 REF 60% 1311 s14 REF 60% 1312 s14 SNP 60% 1313 s14 SNP 60% 1314 s14 REF 60% 1315 s14 REF 60% 1316 s14 SNP 60% 1317 s14 SNP 55% 1318 s14 SNP 65% 1319 s14 REF 65% 1320 s14 SNP 60% 1321 s14 SNP 65% 1322 s14 REF 65% 1323 s14 REF 60% 1324 s14 REF 60% 1325 s14 REF 65% 1326 s14 SNP 65% 1327 s14 REF 65% 1328 s14 SNP 65% 1329 s14 REF 65% 1330 s14 SNP 65% 1331 s14 REF 60% 1332 s14 SNP 60% 1333 s14 SNP 65% 1334 s14 REF 65% 1335 s14 REF 65% 1336 s14 SNP 65% 1337 s14 REF 65% 1338 s14 SNP 65% 1339 s14 REF 55% 1340 s14 SNP 55% 1341 s14 SNP 65% 1342 s14 REF 65% 1343 s14 SNP 60% 1344 s14 REF 60% 1345 s14 REF 65% 1346 s14 SNP 65% 1347 s14 SNP 60% 1348 s14 REF 60% 1349 s14 SNP 60% 1350 s14 REF 60% 1351 s14 SNP 55% 1352 s14 REF 55% 1353 s15 REF 30% 1354 s15 SNP 35% 1355 s15 REF 40% 1356 s15 REF 35% 1357 s15 REF 35% 1358 s15 SNP 30% 1359 s15 SNP 35% 1360 s15 REF 40% 1361 s15 SNP 35% 1362 s15 REF 40% 1363 s15 REF 30% 1364 s15 REF 30% 1365 s15 REF 40% 1366 s15 SNP 35% 1367 s15 SNP 30% 1368 s15 REF 35% 1369 s15 REF 35% 1370 s15 REF 30% 1371 s15 REF 50% 1372 s15 REF 30% 1373 s15 REF 35% 1374 s15 SNP 30% 1375 s15 REF 40% 1376 s15 REF 40% 1377 s15 SNP 35% 1378 s15 REF 40% 1379 s15 SNP 35% 1380 s15 REF 40% 1381 s15 SNP 40% 1382 s15 REF 45% 1383 s15 SNP 35% 1384 s15 REF 40% 1385 s15 REF 50% 1386 s15 REF 30% 1387 s15 REF 35% 1388 s15 SNP 30% 1389 s15 SNP 45% 1390 s15 SNP 30% 1391 s15 REF 35% 1392 s15 REF 45% 1393 s15 REF 40% 1394 s15 SNP 35% 1395 s15 REF 40% 1396 s15 SNP 35% 1397 s15 SNP 30% 1398 s15 REF 35% 1399 s15 SNP 40% 1400 s15 REF 40% 1401 s15 SNP 35% 1402 s15 REF 40% 1403 s15 SNP 35% 1404 s16 REF 40% 1405 s16 SNP 45% 1406 s16 REF 40% 1407 s16 REF 45% 1408 s16 SNP 50% 1409 s16 REF 45% 1410 s16 SNP 50% 1411 s16 SNP 50% 1412 s16 REF 45% 1413 s16 REF 45% 1414 s16 SNP 50% 1415 s16 SNP 45% 1416 s16 REF 40% 1417 s16 REF 40% 1418 s16 SNP 45% 1419 s16 SNP 45% 1420 s16 REF 40% 1421 s16 REF 45% 1422 s16 SNP 50% 1423 s16 REF 45% 1424 s16 REF 45% 1425 s16 SNP 50% 1426 s16 REF 40% 1427 s16 SNP 45% 1428 s16 REF 45% 1429 s16 SNP 50% 1430 s16 SNP 50% 1431 s16 REF 45% 1432 s16 SNP 50% 1433 s16 SNP 60% 1434 s16 SNP 55% 1435 s16 REF 50% 1436 s16 REF 45% 1437 s16 SNP 50% 1438 s16 SNP 50% 1439 s16 REF 45% 1440 s16 SNP 45% 1441 s16 SNP 50% 1442 s16 REF 45% 1443 s16 REF 45% 1444 s16 SNP 50% 1445 s16 REF 50% 1446 s16 SNP 55% 1447 s16 REF 50% 1448 s16 SNP 55% 1449 s16 REF 55% 1450 s16 SNP 60% 1451 s16 SNP 50% 1452 s16 REF 45% 1453 s16 SNP 50% 1454 s16 REF 45% 1455 s16 SNP 45% 1456 s16 REF 40% 1457 s16 REF 40% 1458 s16 SNP 45% 1459 s16 SNP 45% 1460 s16 REF 40% 1461 s16 SNP 45% 1462 s16 REF 40% 1463 s16 SNP 45% 1464 s16 REF 40% 1465 s16 REF 40% 1466 s16 REF 40% 1467 s16 SNP 45% 1468 s16 SNP 45% 1469 s16 SNP 55% 1470 s16 SNP 50% 1471 s16 REF 45% 1472 s16 SNP 45% 1473 s16 REF 40% 1474 s16 REF 55% 1475 s16 SNP 45% 1476 s16 REF 40% 1477 s16 SNP 50% 1478 s16 REF 45% 1479 s16 REF 40% 1480 s16 SNP 45% 1481 s16 SNP 50% 1482 s16 REF 50% 1483 s16 REF 45% 1484 s17 SNP 45% 1485 s17 REF 40% 1486 s17 REF 45% 1487 s17 REF 30% 1488 s17 SNP 35% 1489 s17 SNP 50% 1490 s17 REF 35% 1491 s17 SNP 55% 1492 s17 REF 40% 1493 s17 REF 45% 1494 s17 SNP 50% 1495 s17 REF 45% 1496 s17 SNP 40% 1497 s17 REF 35% 1498 s17 REF 45% 1499 s17 SNP 50% 1500 s17 REF 50% 1501 s17 SNP 55% 1502 s17 SNP 45% 1503 s17 REF 40% 1504 s17 SNP 50% 1505 s17 REF 45% 1506 s17 REF 35% 1507 s17 SNP 40% 1508 s17 SNP 50% 1509 s17 REF 45% 1510 s17 SNP 40% 1511 s17 REF 35% 1512 s17 SNP 50% 1513 s17 SNP 50% 1514 s17 REF 30% 1515 s17 SNP 35% 1516 s17 REF 45% 1517 s17 SNP 50% 1518 s17 REF 45% 1519 s17 SNP 50% 1520 s17 SNP 50% 1521 s17 REF 40% 1522 s17 REF 35% 1523 s17 SNP 45% 1524 s17 REF 30% 1525 s17 REF 35% 1526 s17 SNP 40% 1527 s17 SNP 30% 1528 s18 REF 40% 1529 s18 REF 40% 1530 s18 SNP 45% 1531 s18 REF 40% 1532 s18 SNP 40% 1533 s18 SNP 45% 1534 s18 REF 40% 1535 s18 REF 30% 1536 s18 SNP 35% 1537 s18 SNP 45% 1538 s18 SNP 30% 1539 s18 SNP 35% 1540 s18 REF 30% 1541 s18 SNP 45% 1542 s18 REF 40% 1543 s18 SNP 35% 1544 s18 SNP 40% 1545 s18 REF 35% 1546 s18 REF 35% 1547 s18 SNP 40% 1548 s18 SNP 35% 1549 s18 REF 40% 1550 s18 SNP 45% 1551 s18 SNP 45% 1552 s18 REF 35% 1553 s18 SNP 40% 1554 s18 REF 35% 1555 s18 SNP 45% 1556 s18 REF 40% 1557 s18 SNP 35% 1558 s18 REF 30% 1559 s18 REF 40% 1560 s18 SNP 35% 1561 s18 SNP 35% 1562 s18 REF 35% 1563 s18 SNP 40% 1564 s18 SNP 45% 1565 s18 SNP 40% 1566 s18 REF 35% 1567 s18 REF 30% 1568 s18 SNP 35% 1569 s18 SNP 30% 1570 s18 REF 30% 1571 s18 SNP 35% 1572 s18 REF 30% 1573 s18 REF 30% 1574 s19 REF 50% 1575 s19 SNP 55% 1576 s19 REF 55% 1577 s19 SNP 60% 1578 s19 SNP 60% 1579 s19 REF 55% 1580 s19 SNP 55% 1581 s19 REF 50% 1582 s19 REF 55% 1583 s19 SNP 60% 1584 s19 REF 55% 1585 s19 SNP 60% 1586 s19 SNP 55% 1587 s19 REF 50% 1588 s19 REF 45% 1589 s19 SNP 50% 1590 s19 SNP 50% 1591 s19 SNP 55% 1592 s19 REF 50% 1593 s19 SNP 60% 1594 s19 REF 55% 1595 s19 SNP 60% 1596 s19 REF 55% 1597 s19 SNP 65% 1598 s19 REF 60% 1599 s19 SNP 60% 1600 s19 REF 55% 1601 s19 REF 55% 1602 s19 SNP 60% 1603 s19 REF 55% 1604 s19 SNP 60% 1605 s19 SNP 55% 1606 s19 REF 50% 1607 s19 REF 55% 1608 s19 SNP 60% 1609 s19 REF 55% 1610 s19 SNP 60% 1611 s19 SNP 60% 1612 s19 REF 55% 1613 s19 SNP 50% 1614 s19 REF 55% 1615 s19 SNP 60% 1616 s19 SNP 60% 1617 s19 REF 55% 1618 s19 SNP 60% 1619 s19 REF 55% 1620 s19 REF 45% 1621 s19 SNP 60% 1622 s19 REF 55% 1623 s19 REF 50% 1624 s19 REF 45% 1625 s19 REF 50% 1626 s19 SNP 55% 1627 s19 SNP 60% 1628 s19 REF 55% 1629 s19 SNP 55% 1630 s19 SNP 55% 1631 s19 REF 50% 1632 s19 SNP 55% 1633 s19 REF 50% 1634 s20 SNP 45% 1635 s20 REF 50% 1636 s20 REF 45% 1637 s20 SNP 40% 1638 s20 SNP 40% 1639 s20 SNP 40% 1640 s20 REF 45% 1641 s20 SNP 45% 1642 s20 REF 50% 1643 s20 SNP 40% 1644 s20 REF 45% 1645 s20 REF 50% 1646 s20 SNP 45% 1647 s20 SNP 40% 1648 s20 REF 45% 1649 s20 REF 50% 1650 s20 REF 45% 1651 s20 SNP 40% 1652 s20 REF 50% 1653 s20 SNP 45% 1654 s20 REF 45% 1655 s20 SNP 40% 1656 s20 REF 50% 1657 s20 REF 50% 1658 s20 SNP 45% 1659 s20 REF 50% 1660 s20 REF 50% 1661 s20 REF 50% 1662 s20 SNP 45% 1663 s20 REF 50% 1664 s20 SNP 45% 1665 s20 SNP 40% 1666 s20 REF 50% 1667 s20 SNP 45% 1668 s20 REF 45% 1669 s20 REF 50% 1670 s20 SNP 45% 1671 s20 REF 50% 1672 s20 SNP 45% 1673 s20 REF 50% 1674 s20 REF 45% 1675 s20 REF 50% 1676 s20 SNP 45% 1677 s20 REF 50% 1678 s20 REF 50% 1679 s20 REF 50% 1680 s20 SNP 45% 1681 s20 REF 50% 1682 s20 SNP 45% 1683 s20 REF 50% 1684 s20 SNP 45% 1685 s20 REF 50% 1686 s20 SNP 40% 1687 s20 REF 45% 1688 s20 REF 50% 1689 s20 SNP 45% 1690 s20 SNP 45% 1691 s20 REF 50% 1692 s20 REF 45% 1693 s20 SNP 40% 1694 s20 SNP 45% 1695 s20 REF 50% 1696 s20 REF 50% 1697 s20 SNP 45% 1698 s20 REF 45% 1699 s20 SNP 40% 1700 s20 REF 45% 1701 s20 SNP 40% 1702 s21 SNP 40% 1703 s21 SNP 35% 1704 s21 REF 35% 1705 s21 SNP 40% 1706 s21 SNP 40% 1707 s21 SNP 40% 1708 s21 SNP 40% 1709 s21 SNP 35% 1710 s21 SNP 40% 1711 s21 REF 35% 1712 s21 SNP 40% 1713 s21 SNP 35% 1714 s21 SNP 40% 1715 s21 REF 35% 1716 s21 SNP 40% 1717 s21 REF 35% 1718 s21 SNP 40% 1719 s21 REF 35% 1720 s21 SNP 40% 1721 s22 SNP 35% 1722 s22 SNP 40% 1723 s22 SNP 40% 1724 s22 SNP 45% 1725 s22 REF 45% 1726 s22 SNP 50% 1727 s22 SNP 40% 1728 s22 REF 35% 1729 s22 SNP 45% 1730 s22 REF 40% 1731 s22 SNP 40% 1732 s22 SNP 45% 1733 s22 SNP 50% 1734 s22 REF 45% 1735 s22 SNP 50% 1736 s22 REF 45% 1737 s22 SNP 50% 1738 s22 REF 45% 1739 s22 SNP 50% 1740 s22 SNP 40% 1741 s22 REF 35% 1742 s22 REF 45% 1743 s22 SNP 45% 1744 s22 REF 40% 1745 s23 REF 55% 1746 s23 REF 60% 1747 s23 REF 55% 1748 s23 SNP 60% 1749 s23 SNP 65% 1750 s23 REF 65% 1751 s23 SNP 70% 1752 s23 REF 60% 1753 s23 SNP 70% 1754 s23 REF 65% 1755 s23 SNP 60% 1756 s23 REF 65% 1757 s23 SNP 70% 1758 s23 REF 60% 1759 s23 SNP 65% 1760 s23 SNP 65% 1761 s23 REF 60% 1762 s23 REF 55% 1763 s23 REF 65% 1764 s23 SNP 70% 1765 s23 SNP 75% 1766 s23 REF 70% 1767 s23 SNP 70% 1768 s23 REF 65% 1769 s23 SNP 70% 1770 s23 REF 65% 1771 s23 SNP 70% 1772 s23 REF 65% 1773 s23 SNP 70% 1774 s23 REF 65% 1775 s23 SNP 65% 1776 s23 REF 65% 1777 s23 SNP 70% 1778 s23 REF 65% 1779 s23 REF 65% 1780 s23 SNP 70% 1781 s23 REF 60% 1782 s23 REF 60% 1783 s23 SNP 65% 1784 s23 REF 60% 1785 s23 REF 65% 1786 s23 SNP 70% 1787 s23 SNP 60% 1788 s23 SNP 65% 1789 s23 SNP 70% 1790 s23 REF 65% 1791 s23 REF 60% 1792 s23 REF 60% 1793 s23 REF 60% 1794 s23 SNP 65% 1795 s23 SNP 70% 1796 s23 REF 65% 1797 s23 SNP 65% 1798 s23 REF 60% 1799 s23 SNP 65% 1800 s23 REF 55% 1801 s23 REF 60% 1802 s23 SNP 65% 1803 s24 REF 65% 1804 s24 REF 60% 1805 s24 SNP 60% 1806 s24 REF 65% 1807 s24 SNP 65% 1808 s24 REF 60% 1809 s24 REF 55% 1810 s24 SNP 55% 1811 s24 REF 65% 1812 s24 REF 65% 1813 s24 SNP 55% 1814 s24 REF 55% 1815 s24 REF 60% 1816 s24 SNP 60% 1817 s24 SNP 60% 1818 s24 REF 60% 1819 s24 REF 60% 1820 s24 SNP 60% 1821 s24 REF 70% 1822 s25 SNP 80% 1823 s25 REF 75% 1824 s25 SNP 75% 1825 s25 REF 70% 1826 s25 REF 70% 1827 s25 SNP 75% 1828 s25 REF 75% 1829 s25 REF 75% 1830 s25 SNP 80% 1831 s25 SNP 80% 1832 s25 REF 75% 1833 s25 SNP 80% 1834 s25 REF 80% 1835 s25 SNP 80% 1836 s25 REF 75% 1837 s25 REF 80% 1838 s25 SNP 80% 1839 s25 REF 75% 1840 s25 SNP 80% 1841 s25 REF 75% 1842 s25 SNP 80% 1843 s25 REF 75% 1844 s25 REF 75% 1845 s25 SNP 80% 1846 s25 SNP 80% 1847 s25 REF 75% 1848 s25 SNP 80% 1849 s25 REF 75% 1850 s25 REF 75% 1851 s25 SNP 80% 1852 s25 REF 75% 1853 s25 SNP 80% 1854 s25 REF 80% 1855 s25 SNP 80% 1856 s25 REF 75% 1857 s25 SNP 80% 1858 s25 REF 75% 1859 s25 SNP 80% 1860 s25 REF 80% 1861 s25 SNP 80% 1862 s25 REF 75% 1863 s25 REF 75% 1864 s25 SNP 80% 1865 s25 SNP 75% 1866 s25 REF 70% 1867 s25 SNP 80% 1868 s25 REF 75% 1869 s25 REF 70% 1870 s25 SNP 75% 1871 s25 REF 75% 1872 s25 REF 75% 1873 s25 SNP 80% 1874 s24 SNP 70% 1875 s24 REF 70% 1876 s24 SNP 65% 1877 s24 REF 55% 1878 s24 SNP 55% 1879 s24 SNP 55% 1880 s24 REF 55% 1881 s24 SNP 70% 1882 s24 REF 70% 1883 s24 REF 65% 1884 s24 SNP 70% 1885 s24 SNP 60% 1886 s24 SNP 60% 1887 s24 REF 60% 1888 s24 SNP 65% 1889 s24 REF 65% 1890 s24 SNP 65% 1891 s24 REF 65% 1892 s24 SNP 55% 1893 s24 REF 55% 1894 s26 SNP 45% 1895 s26 SNP 50% 1896 s26 SNP 40% 1897 s26 SNP 40% 1898 s26 REF 45% 1899 s26 SNP 40% 1900 s26 SNP 50% 1901 s26 SNP 50% 1902 s26 SNP 45% 1903 s26 SNP 55% 1904 s26 SNP 50% 1905 s26 SNP 40% 1906 s26 SNP 50% 1907 s26 SNP 50% 1908 s26 SNP 55% 1909 s26 REF 45% 1910 s26 SNP 45% 1911 s26 SNP 40% 1912 s26 SNP 50% 1913 s26 SNP 45% 1914 s26 SNP 55% 1915 s26 SNP 45% 1916 s26 SNP 50% 1917 s26 SNP 50% 1918 s26 SNP 55% 1919 s26 SNP 45% 1920 s26 SNP 45% 1921 s26 SNP 40% 1922 s26 SNP 45% 1923 s26 SNP 55% 1924 s26 SNP 45% 1925 s26 SNP 50% 1926 s26 SNP 50% 1927 s27 REF 60% 1928 s27 REF 60% 1929 s27 REF 65% 1930 s27 REF 60% 1931 s27 REF 55% 1932 s27 SNP 55% 1933 s27 REF 50% 1934 s27 REF 65% 1935 s27 SNP 50% 1936 s27 REF 65% 1937 s27 REF 65% 1938 s27 REF 65% 1939 s27 SNP 60% 1940 s27 REF 65% 1941 s27 SNP 60% 1942 s27 REF 65% 1943 s27 SNP 45% 1944 s27 REF 60% 1945 s27 REF 65% 1946 s27 REF 55% 1947 s27 SNP 45% 1948 s27 REF 50% 1949 s28 REF 55% 1950 s28 SNP 50% 1951 s28 REF 65% 1952 s28 SNP 60% 1953 s28 SNP 65% 1954 s28 REF 70% 1955 s28 SNP 65% 1956 s28 REF 70% 1957 s28 SNP 45% 1958 s28 REF 50% 1959 s28 SNP 45% 1960 s28 REF 50% 1961 s28 SNP 45% 1962 s28 REF 45% 1963 s28 SNP 40% 1964 s28 REF 50% 1965 s28 REF 45% 1966 s28 SNP 40% 1967 s28 SNP 65% 1968 s28 REF 70% 1969 s28 SNP 50% 1970 s28 REF 55% 1971 s28 SNP 70% 1972 s28 REF 75% 1973 s28 SNP 50% 1974 s28 REF 55% 1975 s28 SNP 55% 1976 s28 REF 60% 1977 s28 SNP 65% 1978 s28 REF 70% 1979 s28 SNP 40% 1980 s28 REF 45% 1981 s28 REF 50% 1982 s28 SNP 45% 1983 s28 SNP 50% 1984 s28 REF 45% 1985 s28 SNP 40% 1986 s28 SNP 45% 1987 s28 REF 50% 1988 s28 REF 55% 1989 s28 SNP 50% 1990 s28 SNP 50% 1991 s28 REF 50% 1992 s28 SNP 45% 1993 s28 REF 55% 1994 s28 SNP 50% 1995 s28 REF 50% 1996 s28 SNP 45% 1997 s28 REF 55% 1998 s28 REF 55% 1999 s28 SNP 45% 2000 s28 REF 50% 2001 s28 REF 50% 2002 s28 SNP 45% 2003 s28 REF 50% 2004 s28 SNP 40% 2005 s28 REF 45% 2006 s28 SNP 40% 2007 s28 REF 45% 2008 s29 REF 65% 2009 s29 SNP 60% 2010 s29 SNP 50% 2011 s29 REF 55% 2012 s29 SNP 50% 2013 s29 SNP 50% 2014 s29 REF 55% 2015 s29 REF 70% 2016 s29 SNP 65% 2017 s29 REF 55% 2018 s29 SNP 55% 2019 s29 REF 70% 2020 s29 SNP 65% 2021 s29 SNP 55% 2022 s29 SNP 50% 2023 s29 REF 55% 2024 s29 REF 55% 2025 s29 SNP 50% 2026 s29 REF 60% 2027 s29 REF 70% 2028 s29 SNP 65% 2029 s29 SNP 50% 2030 s29 REF 55% 2031 s29 SNP 50% 2032 s29 REF 55% 2033 s29 SNP 65% 2034 s29 REF 70% 2035 s29 SNP 65% 2036 s29 REF 70% 2037 s29 REF 70% 2038 s29 SNP 60% 2039 s29 REF 65% 2040 s29 SNP 50% 2041 s29 REF 55% 2042 s29 REF 70% 2043 s29 SNP 65% 2044 s29 REF 55% 2045 s29 SNP 50% 2046 s29 SNP 50% 2047 s29 REF 55% 2048 s29 REF 55% 2049 s29 SNP 50% 2050 s29 REF 60% 2051 s29 SNP 60% 2052 s29 REF 65% 2053 s29 SNP 55% 2054 s29 REF 60% 2055 s29 SNP 50% 2056 s29 REF 55% 2057 s29 SNP 65% 2058 s29 REF 70% 2059 s29 SNP 65% 2060 s30 REF 50% 2061 s30 REF 55% 2062 s30 SNP 50% 2063 s30 REF 60% 2064 s30 SNP 55% 2065 s30 REF 70% 2066 s30 SNP 55% 2067 s30 REF 60% 2068 s30 REF 60% 2069 s30 REF 75% 2070 s30 SNP 60% 2071 s30 REF 65% 2072 s30 REF 70% 2073 s30 SNP 55% 2074 s30 REF 75% 2075 s30 REF 60% 2076 s30 REF 60% 2077 s30 REF 70% 2078 s30 SNP 65% 2079 s30 REF 70% 2080 s30 SNP 70% 2081 s30 REF 75% 2082 s30 REF 55% 2083 s30 REF 70% 2084 s30 SNP 65% 2085 s30 SNP 55% 2086 s30 REF 65% 2087 s30 SNP 60% 2088 s30 SNP 65% 2089 s30 REF 70% 2090 s30 REF 70% 2091 s30 SNP 60% 2092 s30 REF 60% 2093 s30 REF 65% 2094 s30 REF 70% 2095 s30 SNP 65% 2096 s30 SNP 55% 2097 s30 SNP 55% 2098 s30 REF 60% 2099 s30 SNP 65% 2100 s30 REF 70% 2101 s30 REF 65% 2102 s30 SNP 60% 2103 s30 SNP 70% 2104 s30 REF 75% 2105 s30 REF 65% 2106 s30 REF 65% 2107 s30 SNP 60% 2108 s30 REF 60% 2109 s30 SNP 55% 2110 s30 SNP 60% 2111 s30 REF 65% 2112 s31 SNP 40% 2113 s31 REF 45% 2114 s31 SNP 45% 2115 s31 SNP 30% 2116 s31 SNP 35% 2117 s31 REF 50% 2118 s31 SNP 40% 2119 s31 SNP 30% 2120 s31 SNP 35% 2121 s31 SNP 35% 2122 s31 SNP 35% 2123 s31 SNP 35% 2124 s31 REF 50% 2125 s31 REF 45% 2126 s31 SNP 40% 2127 s31 SNP 35% 2128 s31 SNP 40% 2129 s31 REF 45% 2130 s31 REF 50% 2131 s31 SNP 45% 2132 s31 SNP 45% 2133 s31 REF 50% 2134 s31 SNP 40% 2135 s31 SNP 30% 2136 s31 REF 45% 2137 s31 SNP 40% 2138 s31 SNP 35% 2139 s31 SNP 35% 2140 s31 SNP 35% 2141 s31 SNP 40% 2142 s31 REF 45% 2143 s31 REF 50% 2144 s31 SNP 45% 2145 s31 SNP 40% 2146 s31 REF 45% 2147 s31 SNP 35% 2148 s31 SNP 35% 2149 s32 SNP 60% 2150 s32 REF 65% 2151 s32 REF 55% 2152 s32 SNP 60% 2153 s32 REF 65% 2154 s32 SNP 50% 2155 s32 REF 55% 2156 s32 SNP 65% 2157 s32 REF 70% 2158 s32 SNP 50% 2159 s32 SNP 60% 2160 s32 SNP 60% 2161 s32 REF 65% 2162 s32 REF 55% 2163 s32 SNP 65% 2164 s32 REF 70% 2165 s32 SNP 50% 2166 s32 REF 55% 2167 s32 SNP 50% 2168 s32 REF 55% 2169 s32 SNP 50% 2170 s32 REF 60% 2171 s32 SNP 55% 2172 s32 REF 60% 2173 s32 REF 65% 2174 s32 SNP 60% 2175 s32 REF 65% 2176 s32 SNP 60% 2177 s32 SNP 65% 2178 s32 REF 70% 2179 s32 REF 70% 2180 s32 SNP 65% 2181 s32 SNP 65% 2182 s32 REF 60% 2183 s32 SNP 55% 2184 s32 SNP 55% 2185 s32 REF 60% 2186 s32 REF 75% 2187 s32 SNP 70% 2188 s32 SNP 70% 2189 s32 REF 60% 2190 s32 SNP 55% 2191 s32 REF 75% 2192 s32 REF 70% 2193 s32 REF 70% 2194 s32 SNP 65% 2195 s32 REF 65% 2196 s32 SNP 60% 2197 s32 REF 65% 2198 s32 SNP 55% 2199 s32 REF 60% 2200 s32 SNP 60% 2201 s32 REF 65% 2202 s32 SNP 55% 2203 s32 REF 70% 2204 s32 SNP 65% 2205 s32 REF 60% 2206 s32 SNP 55% 2207 s32 REF 65% 2208 s32 SNP 60% 2209 s32 REF 65% 2210 s32 SNP 60% 2211 s33 SNP 65% 2212 s33 SNP 65% 2213 s33 REF 70% 2214 s33 SNP 65% 2215 s33 REF 70% 2216 s33 REF 70% 2217 s33 SNP 65% 2218 s33 REF 70% 2219 s33 REF 70% 2220 s33 SNP 70% 2221 s33 REF 75% 2222 s33 SNP 70% 2223 s33 REF 75% 2224 s33 SNP 70% 2225 s33 REF 75% 2226 s33 SNP 70% 2227 s33 REF 75% 2228 s33 REF 70% 2229 s33 REF 70% 2230 s33 SNP 65% 2231 s33 REF 70% 2232 s33 REF 70% 2233 s33 SNP 65% 2234 s33 REF 75% 2235 s33 REF 70% 2236 s33 REF 70% 2237 s33 REF 75% 2238 s33 REF 75% 2239 s33 REF 75% 2240 s33 REF 70% 2241 s33 SNP 65% 2242 s33 REF 70% 2243 s33 REF 70% 2244 s33 REF 70% 2245 s33 SNP 65% 2246 s33 REF 70% 2247 s33 REF 70% 2248 s33 REF 70% 2249 s33 SNP 65% 2250 s34 SNP 45% 2251 s34 REF 50% 2252 s34 REF 35% 2253 s34 SNP 30% 2254 s34 SNP 45% 2255 s34 REF 50% 2256 s34 SNP 45% 2257 s34 REF 50% 2258 s34 REF 40% 2259 s34 SNP 35% 2260 s34 SNP 35% 2261 s34 REF 40% 2262 s34 SNP 50% 2263 s34 SNP 35% 2264 s34 SNP 55% 2265 s34 REF 55% 2266 s34 SNP 50% 2267 s34 REF 55% 2268 s34 REF 40% 2269 s34 SNP 35% 2270 s34 REF 50% 2271 s34 SNP 45% 2272 s34 REF 40% 2273 s34 REF 45% 2274 s34 SNP 40% 2275 s34 REF 50% 2276 s34 SNP 45% 2277 s34 REF 50% 2278 s34 SNP 45% 2279 s34 REF 55% 2280 s34 SNP 50% 2281 s34 REF 50% 2282 s34 SNP 45% 2283 s34 SNP 45% 2284 s34 REF 50% 2285 s34 REF 45% 2286 s34 REF 55% 2287 s34 SNP 50% 2288 s34 SNP 40% 2289 s34 REF 45% 2290 s34 REF 60% 2291 s34 SNP 55% 2292 s34 REF 50% 2293 s34 SNP 45% 2294 s34 SNP 45% 2295 s34 REF 50% 2296 s34 REF 60% 2297 s34 SNP 35% 2298 s34 REF 40% 2299 s34 SNP 55% 2300 s34 SNP 45% 2301 s34 REF 50% 2302 s34 SNP 45% 2303 s34 SNP 45% 2304 s34 REF 50% 2305 s34 REF 60% 2306 s34 SNP 55% 2307 s34 REF 60% 2308 s35 REF 50% 2309 s35 SNP 50% 2310 s35 REF 65% 2311 s35 SNP 65% 2312 s35 SNP 65% 2313 s35 REF 65% 2314 s35 REF 50% 2315 s35 SNP 50% 2316 s35 REF 50% 2317 s35 SNP 50% 2318 s35 SNP 50% 2319 s35 REF 50% 2320 s35 REF 65% 2321 s35 SNP 65% 2322 s35 SNP 50% 2323 s35 SNP 70% 2324 s35 REF 70% 2325 s35 REF 50% 2326 s35 SNP 50% 2327 s35 SNP 50% 2328 s35 REF 50% 2329 s35 REF 65% 2330 s35 REF 65% 2331 s35 SNP 65% 2332 s35 SNP 50% 2333 s35 REF 50% 2334 s35 SNP 50% 2335 s35 SNP 65% 2336 s35 REF 65% 2337 s35 SNP 60% 2338 s35 REF 60% 2339 s35 SNP 65% 2340 s35 REF 65% 2341 s35 SNP 65% 2342 s35 REF 65% 2343 s35 SNP 50% 2344 s35 REF 50% 2345 s35 SNP 55% 2346 s35 REF 55% 2347 s35 REF 50% 2348 s35 SNP 50% 2349 s35 REF 65% 2350 s35 REF 65% 2351 s35 SNP 65% 2352 s35 SNP 50% 2353 s35 REF 50% 2354 s35 REF 50% 2355 s35 SNP 65% 2356 s35 REF 65% 2357 s35 SNP 50% 2358 s35 REF 50% 2359 s35 REF 50% 2360 s35 SNP 50% 2361 s35 REF 70% 2362 s35 REF 50% 2363 s35 SNP 50% 2364 s35 REF 50% 2365 s35 SNP 50% 2366 s35 REF 60% 2367 s35 SNP 60% 2368 s35 REF 50% 2369 s35 SNP 50% 2370 s35 SNP 65% 2371 s35 REF 65% 2372 s35 SNP 50% 2373 s35 SNP 65% 2374 s35 SNP 50% 2375 s35 REF 50% 2376 s35 REF 50% 2377 s35 SNP 50% 2378 s35 REF 50% 2379 s35 REF 65% 2380 s35 SNP 65% 2381 s35 REF 55% 2382 s35 SNP 55% 2383 s36 SNP 50% 2384 s36 REF 45% 2385 s36 REF 40% 2386 s36 SNP 40% 2387 s36 REF 35% 2388 s36 SNP 55% 2389 s36 REF 50% 2390 s36 REF 55% 2391 s36 SNP 60% 2392 s36 REF 45% 2393 s36 SNP 50% 2394 s36 REF 40% 2395 s36 REF 55% 2396 s36 SNP 60% 2397 s36 SNP 45% 2398 s36 SNP 60% 2399 s36 REF 55% 2400 s36 SNP 60% 2401 s36 REF 55% 2402 s36 SNP 45% 2403 s36 REF 55% 2404 s36 SNP 60% 2405 s36 REF 45% 2406 s36 REF 60% 2407 s36 SNP 65% 2408 s36 SNP 45% 2409 s36 REF 40% 2410 s36 REF 50% 2411 s36 SNP 55% 2412 s36 REF 55% 2413 s36 SNP 60% 2414 s36 SNP 65% 2415 s36 REF 60% 2416 s36 SNP 60% 2417 s36 REF 55% 2418 s36 SNP 60% 2419 s36 SNP 45% 2420 s36 REF 40% 2421 s36 REF 40% 2422 s36 SNP 65% 2423 s36 REF 45% 2424 s36 SNP 50% 2425 s36 SNP 50% 2426 s36 REF 45% 2427 s36 SNP 45% 2428 s36 SNP 60% 2429 s36 REF 55% 2430 s36 REF 60% 2431 s36 REF 55% 2432 s36 SNP 60% 2433 s36 SNP 60% 2434 s36 REF 55% 2435 s36 SNP 60% 2436 s36 REF 55% 2437 s37 SNP 70% 2438 s37 SNP 75% 2439 s37 SNP 75% 2440 s37 SNP 80% 2441 s37 SNP 80% 2442 s37 SNP 75% 2443 s37 SNP 70% 2444 s37 SNP 75% 2445 s37 SNP 70% 2446 s37 REF 70% 2447 s37 SNP 80% 2448 s37 SNP 75% 2449 s37 REF 70% 2450 s37 SNP 70% 2451 s37 SNP 75% 2452 s37 SNP 75% 2453 s37 SNP 70% 2454 s37 SNP 75% 2455 s37 REF 70% 2456 s37 SNP 75% 2457 s37 SNP 80% 2458 s37 SNP 75% 2459 s37 SNP 75% 2460 s37 SNP 75% 2461 s37 SNP 70% 2462 s37 SNP 75% 2463 s37 SNP 75% 2464 s37 SNP 70% 2465 s37 SNP 70% 2466 s37 REF 70% 2467 s37 SNP 75% 2468 s38 SNP 55% 2469 s38 SNP 55% 2470 s38 REF 55% 2471 s38 SNP 60% 2472 s38 REF 60% 2473 s38 REF 60% 2474 s38 SNP 60% 2475 s38 SNP 45% 2476 s38 REF 45% 2477 s38 SNP 55% 2478 s38 REF 55% 2479 s38 SNP 65% 2480 s38 REF 65% 2481 s38 SNP 60% 2482 s38 REF 60% 2483 s38 SNP 60% 2484 s38 SNP 60% 2485 s38 REF 60% 2486 s38 REF 60% 2487 s38 SNP 60% 2488 s38 SNP 60% 2489 s38 REF 60% 2490 s38 REF 60% 2491 s38 SNP 60% 2492 s38 REF 60% 2493 s38 SNP 60% 2494 s38 SNP 60% 2495 s38 REF 60% 2496 s38 REF 55% 2497 s38 SNP 55% 2498 s38 REF 50% 2499 s38 SNP 50% 2500 s38 REF 60% 2501 s38 REF 60% 2502 s38 SNP 60% 2503 s38 SNP 55% 2504 s38 REF 55% 2505 s38 REF 55% 2506 s38 SNP 55% 2507 s38 REF 60% 2508 s38 SNP 60% 2509 s38 SNP 60% 2510 s38 REF 55% 2511 s38 SNP 55% 2512 s38 REF 60% 2513 s38 SNP 60% 2514 s38 REF 55% 2515 s38 SNP 55% 2516 s38 SNP 50% 2517 s38 REF 50% 2518 s38 SNP 45% 2519 s38 REF 45% 2520 s39 SNP 65% 2521 s39 REF 70% 2522 s39 REF 70% 2523 s39 REF 80% 2524 s39 SNP 75% 2525 s39 SNP 65% 2526 s39 REF 70% 2527 s39 REF 80% 2528 s39 SNP 75% 2529 s39 REF 80% 2530 s39 SNP 75% 2531 s39 SNP 65% 2532 s39 REF 70% 2533 s39 REF 75% 2534 s39 SNP 70% 2535 s39 REF 70% 2536 s39 SNP 65% 2537 s39 REF 70% 2538 s39 SNP 75% 2539 s39 REF 80% 2540 s39 SNP 75% 2541 s39 REF 80% 2542 s39 REF 75% 2543 s39 SNP 70% 2544 s39 REF 80% 2545 s39 REF 75% 2546 s39 REF 75% 2547 s39 SNP 70% 2548 s39 REF 70% 2549 s39 SNP 65% 2550 s39 REF 75% 2551 s39 SNP 65% 2552 s39 SNP 65% 2553 s39 REF 70% 2554 s40 REF 65% 2555 s40 SNP 70% 2556 s40 REF 70% 2557 s40 SNP 75% 2558 s40 REF 65% 2559 s40 REF 65% 2560 s40 REF 70% 2561 s40 SNP 75% 2562 s40 REF 65% 2563 s40 SNP 70% 2564 s40 REF 70% 2565 s40 SNP 75% 2566 s40 SNP 75% 2567 s40 REF 70% 2568 s40 SNP 75% 2569 s40 SNP 75% 2570 s40 REF 70% 2571 s40 SNP 70% 2572 s40 REF 65% 2573 s40 SNP 70% 2574 s40 SNP 70% 2575 s40 REF 65% 2576 s40 REF 65% 2577 s40 SNP 70% 2578 s40 SNP 75% 2579 s40 REF 70% 2580 s40 REF 70% 2581 s40 SNP 75% 2582 s40 REF 70% 2583 s40 SNP 75% 2584 s40 REF 70% 2585 s40 SNP 75% 2586 s40 REF 70% 2587 s40 SNP 70% 2588 s40 REF 65% 2589 s40 SNP 70% 2590 s40 REF 65% 2591 s40 SNP 70% 2592 s40 SNP 70% 2593 s40 REF 65% 2594 s40 SNP 70% 2595 s40 REF 65% 2596 s40 REF 60% 2597 s40 REF 65% 2598 s40 SNP 70% 2599 s40 SNP 65% 2600 s40 SNP 70% 2601 s40 REF 65% 2602 s40 REF 70% 2603 s40 SNP 70% 2604 s40 REF 65% 2605 s41 SNP 45% 2606 s41 SNP 35% 2607 s41 SNP 45% 2608 s41 SNP 45% 2609 s41 SNP 40% 2610 s42 SNP 40% 2611 s42 REF 35% 2612 s42 REF 35% 2613 s42 SNP 40% 2614 s42 SNP 60% 2615 s42 REF 45% 2616 s42 SNP 50% 2617 s42 REF 45% 2618 s42 SNP 50% 2619 s42 REF 55% 2620 s42 SNP 50% 2621 s42 REF 45% 2622 s42 SNP 45% 2623 s42 REF 40% 2624 s42 REF 45% 2625 s42 SNP 50% 2626 s42 REF 45% 2627 s42 SNP 50% 2628 s42 SNP 50% 2629 s42 REF 45% 2630 s42 REF 30% 2631 s42 SNP 35% 2632 s42 REF 30% 2633 s42 SNP 35% 2634 s42 SNP 60% 2635 s42 REF 55% 2636 s42 REF 35% 2637 s42 SNP 40% 2638 s42 REF 55% 2639 s42 SNP 60% 2640 s42 REF 55% 2641 s42 SNP 60% 2642 s42 REF 60% 2643 s42 SNP 65% 2644 s42 SNP 65% 2645 s42 SNP 35% 2646 s42 REF 30% 2647 s42 SNP 50% 2648 s42 REF 45% 2649 s42 SNP 40% 2650 s42 REF 35% 2651 s42 REF 45% 2652 s42 SNP 50% 2653 s42 REF 40% 2654 s42 SNP 45% 2655 s42 SNP 55% 2656 s42 REF 50% 2657 s42 SNP 30% 2658 s42 SNP 35% 2659 s42 REF 30% 2660 s42 REF 60% 2661 s42 SNP 50% 2662 s42 REF 45% 2663 s42 SNP 45% 2664 s42 REF 40% 2665 s43 SNP 60% 2666 s43 REF 55% 2667 s43 SNP 65% 2668 s43 REF 60% 2669 s43 REF 60% 2670 s43 SNP 65% 2671 s43 SNP 65% 2672 s43 REF 60% 2673 s43 SNP 60% 2674 s43 REF 55% 2675 s43 REF 50% 2676 s43 SNP 55% 2677 s43 SNP 65% 2678 s43 REF 60% 2679 s43 REF 60% 2680 s43 SNP 65% 2681 s43 SNP 60% 2682 s43 REF 55% 2683 s43 REF 65% 2684 s43 SNP 70% 2685 s43 REF 55% 2686 s43 SNP 60% 2687 s43 REF 55% 2688 s43 SNP 60% 2689 s43 SNP 70% 2690 s43 REF 65% 2691 s43 SNP 65% 2692 s43 SNP 60% 2693 s43 REF 55% 2694 s43 REF 60% 2695 s43 SNP 70% 2696 s43 REF 65% 2697 s43 REF 60% 2698 s43 SNP 65% 2699 s43 REF 55% 2700 s43 SNP 60% 2701 s43 SNP 65% 2702 s43 REF 60% 2703 s43 REF 55% 2704 s43 SNP 60% 2705 s43 SNP 70% 2706 s43 REF 65% 2707 s43 SNP 65% 2708 s43 REF 65% 2709 s43 SNP 70% 2710 s43 SNP 70% 2711 s43 REF 65% 2712 s43 REF 65% 2713 s43 SNP 70% 2714 s43 REF 65% 2715 s43 SNP 70% 2716 s43 REF 60% 2717 s43 SNP 65% 2718 s43 SNP 60% 2719 s43 REF 55% 2720 s43 REF 60% 2721 s43 SNP 65% 2722 s43 SNP 55% 2723 s43 REF 50% 2724 s43 REF 60% 2725 s44 REF 55% 2726 s44 REF 55% 2727 s44 REF 55% 2728 s44 REF 60% 2729 s44 REF 60% 2730 s44 REF 55% 2731 s44 REF 55% 2732 s44 REF 60% 2733 s44 REF 60% 2734 s44 REF 60% 2735 s44 REF 55% 2736 s44 SNP 50% 2737 s44 REF 60% 2738 s44 REF 60% 2739 s44 REF 60% 2740 s44 REF 60% 2741 s44 REF 55% 2742 s44 REF 60% 2743 s44 REF 60% 2744 s44 REF 55% 2745 s44 REF 55% 2746 s44 REF 55% 2747 s44 REF 55% 2748 s44 REF 55% 2749 s44 REF 55% 2750 s44 REF 55% 2751 s44 REF 50% 2752 s44 REF 55% 2753 s45 REF 75% 2754 s45 REF 75% 2755 s45 SNP 70% 2756 s45 SNP 70% 2757 s45 SNP 70% 2758 s45 SNP 70% 2759 s45 REF 75% 2760 s45 SNP 70% 2761 s45 REF 80% 2762 s45 SNP 75% 2763 s45 REF 80% 2764 s45 SNP 75% 2765 s45 REF 80% 2766 s45 REF 75% 2767 s45 REF 75% 2768 s45 REF 75% 2769 s45 REF 75% 2770 s45 REF 75% 2771 s45 REF 80% 2772 s45 SNP 75% 2773 s45 SNP 70% 2774 s45 REF 80% 2775 s45 REF 75% 2776 s45 SNP 75% 2777 s45 REF 75% 2778 s45 SNP 70% 2779 s45 REF 80% 2780 s45 SNP 75% 2781 s45 REF 75% 2782 s45 REF 75% 2783 s45 SNP 70% 2784 s45 SNP 75% 2785 s45 REF 80% 2786 s45 SNP 75% 2787 s45 REF 80% 2788 s45 SNP 70% 2789 s45 REF 75% 2790 s45 REF 75% 2791 s45 REF 75% 2792 s45 SNP 70% 2793 s45 REF 75% 2794 s45 SNP 70% 2795 s45 REF 75% 2796 s46 SNP 55% 2797 s46 REF 65% 2798 s46 SNP 60% 2799 s46 SNP 65% 2800 s46 REF 70% 2801 s46 REF 65% 2802 s46 SNP 60% 2803 s46 SNP 65% 2804 s46 REF 70% 2805 s46 REF 70% 2806 s46 SNP 60% 2807 s46 SNP 60% 2808 s46 REF 65% 2809 s46 SNP 65% 2810 s46 REF 70% 2811 s46 SNP 65% 2812 s46 REF 70% 2813 s46 SNP 65% 2814 s46 REF 70% 2815 s46 REF 75% 2816 s46 SNP 70% 2817 s46 SNP 65% 2818 s46 REF 70% 2819 s46 REF 70% 2820 s46 SNP 65% 2821 s46 REF 70% 2822 s46 REF 65% 2823 s46 SNP 60% 2824 s46 SNP 60% 2825 s46 REF 65% 2826 s46 REF 70% 2827 s46 SNP 65% 2828 s46 SNP 65% 2829 s46 REF 70% 2830 s46 REF 65% 2831 s46 SNP 60% 2832 s46 SNP 65% 2833 s46 REF 70% 2834 s46 SNP 65% 2835 s46 REF 70% 2836 s46 REF 70% 2837 s46 SNP 65% 2838 s46 SNP 70% 2839 s46 REF 75% 2840 s46 SNP 60% 2841 s46 REF 65% 2842 s46 REF 70% 2843 s46 SNP 65% 2844 s46 REF 70% 2845 s46 REF 70% 2846 s46 SNP 65% 2847 s46 REF 70% 2848 s46 SNP 65% 2849 s46 REF 65% 2850 s46 SNP 65% 2851 s46 SNP 60% 2852 s47 REF 65% 2853 s47 REF 60% 2854 s47 REF 70% 2855 s47 SNP 80% 2856 s47 REF 75% 2857 s47 REF 65% 2858 s47 REF 60% 2859 s47 SNP 80% 2860 s47 REF 75% 2861 s47 REF 70% 2862 s47 SNP 75% 2863 s47 REF 75% 2864 s47 REF 75% 2865 s47 REF 65% 2866 s47 SNP 70% 2867 s47 SNP 65% 2868 s47 SNP 65% 2869 s47 REF 55% 2870 s47 REF 70% 2871 s47 SNP 60% 2872 s47 SNP 70% 2873 s47 REF 65% 2874 s47 SNP 65% 2875 s47 REF 60% 2876 s47 SNP 80% 2877 s47 SNP 80% 2878 s47 REF 75% 2879 s47 SNP 80% 2880 s47 REF 75% 2881 s47 REF 55% 2882 s47 SNP 75% 2883 s47 REF 70% 2884 s47 SNP 60% 2885 s47 REF 75% 2886 s48 REF 50% 2887 s48 SNP 65% 2888 s48 REF 65% 2889 s48 REF 50% 2890 s48 SNP 50% 2891 s48 REF 45% 2892 s48 SNP 45% 2893 s48 REF 60% 2894 s48 REF 65% 2895 s48 SNP 65% 2896 s48 SNP 70% 2897 s48 REF 65% 2898 s48 REF 70% 2899 s48 SNP 70% 2900 s48 REF 70% 2901 s48 SNP 55% 2902 s48 REF 55% 2903 s48 REF 50% 2904 s48 SNP 50% 2905 s48 REF 45% 2906 s48 SNP 45% 2907 s48 REF 65% 2908 s48 SNP 65% 2909 s48 REF 50% 2910 s48 SNP 50% 2911 s49 REF 65% 2912 s49 REF 65% 2913 s49 SNP 55% 2914 s49 REF 65% 2915 s49 SNP 55% 2916 s49 REF 70% 2917 s49 SNP 55% 2918 s49 REF 60% 2919 s49 REF 60% 2920 s49 REF 70% 2921 s49 REF 60% 2922 s49 REF 60% 2923 s49 REF 65% 2924 s49 REF 65% 2925 s49 REF 65% 2926 s50 SNP 60% 2927 s50 REF 65% 2928 s50 SNP 60% 2929 s50 REF 60% 2930 s50 SNP 55% 2931 s50 SNP 55% 2932 s50 REF 60% 2933 s50 REF 65% 2934 s50 REF 60% 2935 s50 SNP 55% 2936 s50 REF 60% 2937 s48 REF 60% 2938 s48 SNP 60% 2939 s48 SNP 50% 2940 s48 REF 50% 2941 s48 SNP 65% 2942 s48 REF 65% 2943 s48 REF 70% 2944 s48 SNP 70% 2945 s48 REF 65% 2946 s48 REF 65% 2947 s48 SNP 65% 2948 s48 SNP 65% 2949 s48 REF 65% 2950 s48 REF 70% 2951 s48 SNP 70% 2952 s48 SNP 70% 2953 s48 REF 65% 2954 s48 SNP 65% 2955 s48 REF 70% 2956 s48 SNP 60% 2957 s48 REF 60% 2958 s48 SNP 65% 2959 s48 REF 65% 2960 s48 REF 70% 2961 s48 SNP 70% 2962 s48 SNP 70% 2963 s48 REF 70% 2964 s48 REF 75% 2965 s48 SNP 75% 2966 s48 REF 75% 2967 s48 REF 70% 2968 s48 SNP 60% 2969 s48 REF 60% 2970 s48 SNP 60% 2971 s48 REF 70% 2972 s51 SNP 55% 2973 s51 SNP 60% 2974 s51 REF 55% 2975 s51 REF 50% 2976 s51 SNP 55% 2977 s51 REF 55% 2978 s51 REF 55% 2979 s51 SNP 60% 2980 s51 SNP 65% 2981 s51 REF 60% 2982 s51 SNP 55% 2983 s51 REF 50% 2984 s51 REF 55% 2985 s51 SNP 60% 2986 s51 REF 45% 2987 s51 SNP 50% 2988 s51 REF 50% 2989 s51 SNP 55% 2990 s51 REF 60% 2991 s51 REF 45% 2992 s51 SNP 50% 2993 s51 REF 45% 2994 s51 SNP 50% 2995 s51 SNP 65% 2996 s51 SNP 60% 2997 s51 SNP 60% 2998 s51 REF 55% 2999 s51 REF 55% 3000 s51 SNP 60% 3001 s51 SNP 55% 3002 s51 REF 50% 3003 s51 SNP 55% 3004 s51 REF 45% 3005 s51 SNP 50% 3006 s51 SNP 60% 3007 s51 REF 55% 3008 s51 SNP 60% 3009 s51 REF 55% 3010 s51 REF 50%

Examples are provided below to facilitate a more complete understanding of the invention. The following examples illustrate the exemplary modes of making and practicing the invention. However, the scope of the invention is not limited to specific embodiments disclosed in these Examples, which are for purposes of illustration only.

Experimental Details EXAMPLE 1 IMDPH1 Correction Anaylsis

Guide sequences comprising 17-20 nucleotides in the sequences of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 are screened for high on target activity. On target activity is determined by DNA capillary electrophoresis analysis.

According to DNA capillary electrophoresis analysis, guide sequences comprising 17-20 nucleotides in the sequences of 17-20 contiguous nucleotides set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-3010 are found to be suitable for correction of the IMDPH1 gene.

Discussion

The guide sequences of the present invention are determined to be suitable for targeting the IMDPH1 gene.

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1-42. (canceled)
 43. An isolated guide RNA comprising a nucleic acid sequence consisting of 17-24 nucleotides and containing the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 159, 160, 161, 3013, or 3014, wherein the guide RNA is: a) a single guide RNA (sgRNA); or b) a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and a transactivating RNA (tracrRNA).
 44. A method for inactivating a mutant Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase 1 (IMPDH1) allele in a human cell, the method comprising delivering to the cell a composition comprising a) the isolated guide RNA of claim 1; and b) a CRISPR nuclease, wherein the human cell comprises a mutant IMPDH1 allele and a functional IMPDH1 allele, wherein the sequence of the rs2228075 SNP position in the mutant IMPDH1 allele differs from the sequence of the rs2228075 SNP position in the functional IMPDH1 allele, wherein the guide RNA targets the CRIPSR nuclease to the rs2228075 SNP position of the mutant IMPDH1 allele to create a DNA break in the mutant IMPDH1 allele, thereby inactivating the mutant IMPDH1 allele and maintaining the functional IMPDH1 allele intact.
 45. The method of claim 44, further comprising subjecting the mutant IMPDH1 allele to an insertion or deletion by an error prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanism to generate a frameshift in the mutant IMPDH1 allele sequence.
 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the frameshift creates an early stop codon in the mutant IMPDH1 allele.
 47. The method of claim 45, wherein the frameshift results in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay of a transcript of the mutant IMPDH1 allele.
 48. The method of claim 44, wherein the inactivating results in a truncated protein encoded by the mutated IMPDH1 allele and a functional protein encoded by the functional IMPDH1 allele.
 49. An isolated guide RNA comprising a nucleic acid sequence consisting of 17-24 nucleotides and containing the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 274, 276, 282, 3011, 3012, or 3015, wherein the guide RNA is: a) a single guide RNA (sgRNA); or b) a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and transactivating RNA (tracrRNA).
 50. A method for inactivating a mutant Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase 1 (IMPDH1) allele in a human cell, the method comprising delivering to the cell a composition comprising a) the isolated guide RNA of claim 49; and b) a CRISPR nuclease, wherein the human cell comprises a mutant IMPDH1 allele and a functional IMPDH1 allele, wherein the sequence of the rs2288550 SNP position in the mutant IMPDH1 allele differs from the sequence of the rs2288550 SNP position in the functional IMPDH1 allele, wherein the guide RNA target the CRIPSR nuclease to the rs2288550 SNP position of the mutant IMPDH1 allele to create a DNA break in the mutant IMPDH1 allele, thereby inactivating the mutant IMPDH1 allele and maintaining the functional IMPDH1 allele intact.
 51. The method of claim 50, further comprising subjecting the mutant IMPDH1 allele to an insertion or deletion by an error prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanism to generate a frameshift in the mutant IMPDH1 allele sequence.
 52. The method of claim 51, wherein the frameshift creates an early stop codon in the mutant IMPDH1 allele.
 53. The method of claim 51, wherein the frameshift results in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay of a transcript of the mutant IMPDH1 allele.
 54. The method of claim 50, wherein the inactivating results in a truncated protein encoded by the mutated IMPDH1 allele and a functional protein encoded by the functional IMPDH1 allele. 